The effect of dietary supplementation of L-carnitine on resistance to temperature and salinity stresses in Sobaity seabream Sparidentex hasta

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 MSc. Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Hormozgan, Iran

2 Associate Prof. Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Hormozgan, Iran

3 Assistant Prof. Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Marine and Atmospheric Science and Technology, University of Hormozgan, Iran

4 PhD, Animal Nutrition and Aquatics- Research Lecturer, Agricultural Research, Hormozgan, Iran

Abstract

To investigate the effect of dietary supplementation of L-carnitine on resistance to temperature and salinity stresses in Sobaity fry, an experiment was carried out with 240 pieces of fish with average initial weight of 3.01±0.03 g for 10 weeks. Experimental treatments were consisted of four levels of 0, 500, 1000 and 1800 (respectively control, LC500, LC1000 and LC1800) mg L-Carnitine per kg of diet, each with three replicates in a completely randomized design. During the experimental period, feeding was performed by hand and the fish were daily fed to satiation at three intervals. At the end of the experimental period, fish were exposed to two temperatures of 15 and 37°C for 30 minutes for thermal stress test and to two salinity levels of 12 and 70 ppt for one hour for salinity stress test. The results showed that in LC1000 and LC1800 treatments, the resistance to high temperature, low temperature and high salinity stresses increased significantly compared to control group (P<0.05). Furthermore, there was no significant difference in resistance to low salinity stress between the treatments (P>0.05). The results of present research revealed that the dietary supplementation of L-carnitine could favorably affect the resistance to temperature and salinity stresses in Sobaity fry. Between the different levels of L-carnitine used, the most effective dose on resistance to temperature and salinity stresses in Sobaity seabream fry was the level of 1000 mg L-carnitine per kg of diet.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

[1]. Abou-Seif, R.A., 2006. Effects of Biogenic L-carnitine supplementation on growth performance, survival rate and feed efficiency of monosex Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.) fry during the nursery period. Egyptian Journal of Nutrition and feeds 9, 71-82.
[2]. Al-Abdessalaam, T.Z.S., 1995. Marine species of the Sultanate of Oman. An Identification Guide. Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries, Sultanate of Oman, 412p.
[3]. Ballantyne, J.S., Flannigan, D., White, T.B., 1989. Effects of temperature on the oxidation of fatty acids, acyl carnitines and ketone bodies by mitochondria isolated from the liver of the lake charr, Salvelinus namaycush. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 46, 950-954.
[4]. Bauchot, M.L., Smith, M.M., 1984. Sparidae. In W. Fischer and G. Bianchi (eds.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Indian Ocean (Fishing Area 51), Vol. 4. FAO, Rome.
[5]. Boutet, I., Long Ky, C.L., Bonhomme, F., 2006. A transcriptomic approach of salinity response in the euryhaline teleost, Dicentrarchus labrax. Gene 379, 40-50.
[6]. Becker, K., Focken, U., 1995. Effect of feed supplementation with L-carnitine on growth, metabolism and body composition of carp (Cyprinus capio L.). Aquaculture 129, 34-43.
[7]. Becker, K., Schreiber, S., Angoni, C., Blum, R., 1999. Growth performance and feed utilization response of Oreochromis niloticus×Oreochromis aureus hybrids to l-carnitine measured over a full fattening cycle under commercial conditions. Aquaculture 174, 313-322.
[8]. Bremer, J., 1983. Carnitine- metabolism and functions. Physiological Reviews 63, 1420-1480.
[9]. Chen, G., Zhang, M.H., Zhang, J.D., Dong, H.B., Zhou, H., Tang, B.G., Huang, J.S., Shi, G., Jiang, L., Wu, Z.H., Gu, B.H., 2010. Effects of L-carnitine and dietary protein on body composition and liver lipid content in juvenile new GIFT strain Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Journal of Applied Animal Research 37 (2), 141-144.
[10]. Cordiner, S., Egginton, S., 1997. Effects of seasonal temperature acclimatization on muscle metabolism in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. Fish Physiology and Biochemistry 16, 333- 343.
[11]. Egginton, S., 1996. Effects of temperature on the optimal substrate for beta-oxidation. Journal of Fish Biology 49, 753-758.
[12]. Eklund, M., Bauer, E., Wanatu, J., Mosenthin, R., 2005. Potential nutritional and physiological functions of betaine in livestock. Nutrition Research Reviews 18, 31-48.
[13]. Gallardo, P.P., Alfonso, E., Gaxiola, G., Soto, L.A., Rosas, C., 1995. Feeding schedule for Penaeus setiferus larvae based on diatom (Chaetoceros ceratosporum), flagellates (Tetraselmis chuii) and Artemia nauplii. Aquaculture 131, 239-252.
[14]. Guderley, H., Johnston, I.A., 1996. Plasticity of fish muscle mitochondria with thermal acclimation. Journal of Experimental Biology 199, 1311-1317.
[15]. Guderley, H., St-Pierre, J., Couture, P., Hulbert, A.J., 1997. Plasticity of the properties of mitochondria from rainbow trout red muscle with seasonal acclimatization. Fish Physiology and Biochemistry 16, 531-541.
[16]. Gulcin, I., 2006. Antioxidant and antiradical activities of L-Carnitine. Life Sciences 78, 803-811.
[17]. Harpaz, S., 2005. L-Carnitine and its attributed functions in fish culture and nutrition. A review. Aquaculture 249, 3-21.
[18]. Harpaz, S., Becker, K., Blum, R., 1999. The effect of dietary l-carnitine supplementation on cold tolerance and growth of ornamental cichlid fish (Pelvicachromis pulcher) preliminary results. J. Thermal Biology 24, 57-62.
[19]. Hussain, N.A, Akatsu, S., El-Zahr, C., 1981. Spawning, Egg and Early Larval Development and Growth of Acanthopagrus cuvieri. Aquaculture 22, 125-136.
[20]. Imsland, A.K., Foss, A., Stefansson, S.O., 2003. Gill Na+, K+-ATPase activity, plasma chloride and osmolality in juvenile turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) reared at different temperature and salinities. Aquaculture 218, 671-683.
[21]. Jayaprakas, V., Sambhu, C., 1998. Influence of dietary L-carnitine on growth and lipid metabolism in pearlspot, Etroplus suratensis (Bloch). Indian Journal of Experimental Biology 36 (10), 1044-1048.
[22]. Keshavanath, P., Renuka, P., 1998. Effect of dietary L-carnitine on growth and body composition of fingerling rohu, Labeo rohita (Hamilton). Aquaculture Nutrition 4, 83-87.
[23]. Kelly, S.P., Woo, N.Y.S., 1999. The response of sea bream following abrupt teleost fishes to different salinities. Zoological Science 18, 1163-1174.
[24]. Kontara, E., Lavens, P., Sorgeloos, P., 1997. Dietary effects of DHA/EPA on culture performance and faty acid composition of penaeus monodon postlarvae. In Lavens, P., Iaspers, E., Roeland, I. (Eds), Larvi 95 Fish and Shellfish Larviculture Symposium. Europe Aquaculture Society, Ghent, 204-208.
[25]. Krogdahl, A., Sundby, A., Olli, J.J., 2004. Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) digest and metabolize nutrients differently. Effect of water salinity and dietary starch level. Aquaculture 229, 335-360.
[26]. Likongwe, J.S., Stecko, T.D., Stauffer, J.R., Carline, R.F., 1996. Combined effects of water temperature and salinity on growth and feed utilization of juvenile Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Aquaculture 146, 37-46.
[27]. Lin, C.H., Tsai, R.S., Lee T.H., 2004. Expression and distribution of Na+, K+-ATPase in gill and kidney of the spotted green pufferfish, Tetraodon nigroviridis, in response to salinity challenge. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology- Part A 138, 287-295.
[28]. Mazurkiewicz, J., Przybyt, A., Golski, J., 2008. Evaluation of selected feeds differing in dietary lipids levels in feeding juveniles of wells cat fish (Sillurus glanis). Afghanistan Legal Education Project 38, 91-96.
[29]. McDowell, L.R., 1989. Vitamin-like substances. McDowell, L.R. (Eds), Vitamins in Animal Nutrition Comparative Aspects to Human Nutrition. Academic Press Inc., New York, 388-399.
[30]. Mohseni, M., Seyfabadi, J., Pourali, H., Pourkazemi, M., Bahmani, M., 2008. Effects of supplemental dietary L-carnitine on growth and body composition of beluga (Huso huso) juveniles. Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences 7 (2), 157-170.
[31]. Movahedinia, A.A., Savari, A., Morovvati, H., Kochanian, P., Marammazi, J.G., Nafisi, M., 2009. The Effects of Changes in Salinity on Gill Mitochondria-Rich Cells of Juvenile Yellowfin Seabream, Acanthopagrus latus. Journal of Biological Sciences 9, 710-720.
[32]. Ozorio, R.O.A., 2009. Dietary L-carnitine supplementation to cultivated fish: A Mini-Review. Current Nutrition and Food Science 5, 40-48.
[33]. Ozorio, R.O.A., Goncalves, R., Dias, S., Correia, A.D., Goncalves, J. and Wilson, J., 2008. Protective effects of dietary L-carnitine on turbot, Psetta maxima, challenged with S. parauberis and sublethal ammonia concentration. Proceedings 13th International Symposium on Nutrition and Feeding of Fish: Florianopolis (Brazil).
[34]. Ozorio, R.O.A., Van Eekeren, T.H.B., Huisman, E.A., Verreth, J.A.J., 2001. Effects of dietary carnitine and protein energy: nonprotein energy ratios on growth, ammonia excretion and respiratory quotient in African catfish, Clarias gariepinus (Burchell) juveniles. Aquaculture Research 32, 406-414.
[35]. Paibulkichakul, C., Piyatiratitivorakul, S., Kittakoop, P., Viyakam, V., Fast, A.W., Mensaveta, P., 1998. Optimal dietary levels of lecithin and cholesterol for black tiger prawn Penaeus monodon larvae and post larvae. Aquaculture 167, 273-281.
[36]. Polat, A., Beklevik, G., 1999 .The importance of betaine and some attractive substances as fish feed additives. In: Brufu, j., Tacon, A., (eds.) Feed Manufacturing in the Mediterranean Region: Recent Advances in Research and Technology Zaragoza, CIHEAM, IAMZ, Spain, 217-220.
[37]. Rodnick, K.J., Sidell, B.D., 1994. Cold-acclimation increases carnitine palmitoyltransferase-I activity in oxidative muscle of striped bass. American Journal of Physiology 266, 405-412.
[38]. Schreiber, S., Becker, K., Bresler, V., Fishelson, L., 1997. Dietary L-carnitine protects the gills and skin of guppies (Poecilia reticulata) against anionic xenobiotics. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 117, 99-102.
[39]. St-Pierre, J., Charest, P.M., Guderley, H., 1998. Relative contribution of quantitative and qualitative changes in mitochondria to metabolic compensation during seasonal acclimatization of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. The Journal of Experimental Biology 201, 2961-2970.
[40]. Tremblay, G.C., Bradley, T.M., 1992. L-Carnitine protects fish against acute ammonia toxicity. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology- Part C 101, 349-351.
[41]. Torreele, E., Van Der Sluiszen, A., Verreth, J., 1993. The effect of dietary l-carnitine on the growth performance in fingerlings of the African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) in relation to dietary lipid. British Journal of Nutrition 69, 289-299.
[42]. Yang, S.D., Wen, Y., Liou, C., Liu, F., 2009. Influence of dietary L- Carnitine on growth, biological Traits and meat quality in tilapia. Aquaculture Research 40, 1374-1382.
 
Journal of Fisheries
Volume 67, Issue 4 - Serial Number 4
January 2015
Pages 585-597

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics