محاسبة تنوع زیستی بتا در ماهیان حوضه دریاچه ارومیه

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه شیلات، دانشکدة منابع طبیعی، دانشکدگان کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج. ایران

2 دانشیار گروه شیلات، دانشکدة منابع طبیعی، دانشکدگان کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج. ایران

10.22059/jfisheries.2024.378493.1433

چکیده

تنوع زیستی هر منطقه کلید پایداری و سلامت محیط‌زیست طبیعی آن است، و اندازه‌گیری تنوع بتا یکی از مؤلفه‌های کلیدی تنوع زیستی محسوب می‌شود. اکوسیستم‌های آب شیرین به‌دلیل فعالیت‌های مخرب انسانی در برابر از دست دادن تنوع زیستی، آسیب‌پذیرتر هستند. بدین‌منظور در مطالعة حاضر تنوع زیستی بتا در ماهیان حوضه دریاچه ارومیه محاسبه شد. در این حوضه تعداد 10 رودخانه با پتانسیل جریان دائمی وجود دارد که از پایین‌دست رودخانه‌ها اقدام به نمونه‌برداری، شناسایی گونه و ثبت مختصات شد. داده‌های حضور ماهی که شامل جنس، گونه، طول و عرض جغرافیایی بود وارد سیستم مدیریت پایگاه دادة MySQL گردید. داده‌های تکراری از نظر طول و عرض جغرافیایی و گونه حذف شدند. برای محاسبة تنوع بتا از ماتریس نامشابهت جاکارد استفاده شد. برای محاسبة ماتریس جاکارد، محاسبة ریشة دوم و تنوع بتا از بستة نرم‌افزاری adespatial در R استفاده گردید. در مجموع 30 گونه در 25 جنس متعلق به 7 خانواده نمونهبرداری شد. طبق نتایج، بیشترین و کمترین نقاط حضور به‌ترتیب مربوط به گونه‌های Barbus lacerta و Sander lucioperca بود و نسبت مؤلفة آشیانه‌ای در تنوع بتای کل بیشتر از مؤلفة جایگزینی بود. آگاهی از الگوهای تنوع بتا و مکانیسم‌های حفظ تنوع زیستی برای توسعة راهبردهای حفاظتی حائز اهمیت است و یافته‌های مطالعة حاضر می‌تواند دستاوردهای مهمی برای بهینه‌سازی برنامه‌ریزی حفاظتی ماهیان این حوضه داشته باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Measuring the beta diversity of fishes in the Urmia Lake basin

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hamed Shabanloo 1
  • Soheil Eagderi 2
  • Hadi Poorbagher 2
1 PhD Student, Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, University College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
2 Associate Professor, Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, University College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
چکیده [English]

The biodiversity of any region is the key to the stability and health of its natural environment. Measuring beta diversity is one of the key components of biodiversity. Freshwater ecosystems are more vulnerable to biodiversity loss due to destructive human activities. For this purpose, in the present study, beta biodiversity was measured in the fishes of the Urmia Lake basin. In this basin, there are 10 rivers with permanent flow potential. Sampling, species identification, and coordinates were recorded from the lower reaches of the rivers. Fish presence data, which included genus, species, longitude, and latitude, were entered into the MySQL database management system. The adespatial package in R was used to calculate the Jaccard matrix, square root calculation and beta diversity. A total of 30 species in 25 genera belonging to 7 families were sampled. According to the results, the most presence points belonged to Barbus lacerta, and the least number of presence points belonged to Sander lucioperca, and across spatial scales, species beta diversity was mainly explained by nestedness patterns. Knowledge of beta diversity patterns and biodiversity conservation mechanisms is important for developing conservation strategies, and the present study's findings can have important achievements for optimizing the conservation planning of this basin’s species.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Beta diversity
  • Biodiversity
  • Species richness
  • Freshwater ecosystem
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