Probiotic effects of Pediococcus acidilactici to enhance growth indices, gastric enzymes activity and chemical analyzed of whole body (%dry matter basis) in Green Terror fish (Aequidens rivulatus)

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 - PhD, Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran

2 Prof. Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran

3 -Associate, Prof. Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran

4 Prof. Department of Nutrition Industries, Faculty of Biosystem Ingineering, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran

Abstract

In an eight-week time period, the implications of Pediococcus acidilactici, as a probiotic, were examined on growth index and the activity of gastric enzymes of Aequidens rivulatus (green terror) (0.388±0.0021) in a completely randomized system. The fishes were input into nine oval-shaped ponds of 120 liters capacity with the density of about 60 pieces per pond, and fed twice a day. This study include three treatments as 1) control treatment 2) the feed including fish oil and nutrient treatment 3) feed including fish oil complemented with P.acidilactici bacteria. In treatment number three, final weight (3.22 gr), SGR (3.65%/day), FCR (1.45), FER (0.87), PER (0.38) had an improved condition compared with other treatments (p<0.05). Dry matter value (30.81), fat (33.73) and body energy (6217.20) were also improved at the end of the latter treatment (0.05). Moreover, in this case the level of gastric enzymes vis. trypsin (1/82 U/mg protein), amylase (3.04 U/mg protein) and lipase (1.24 U/ mg protein) showed significant difference from other treatments (p<0.05). There was no significant differences between protein and ash levels in all cases (p>0.05). Given what is concluded, P.acidilactici has a positive effect on growth index and the activity of gastric enzymes of green terror fish and this bacteria could be used in culturing ornamental fishes as a probiotic in order to improve growth indices and feed digestion.
 
 
 

Keywords

Main Subjects


 
Abdel-Tawwab, M., Khattab, Y.A.E., Ahmad, M.H., Shalaby, A.M.E., 2006. Compensatory growth, feed utilization, whole-body composition and hematological changes in starved juvenile Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.). Appl. Aquac 18, 17–36.
 
Ai, Q., Xu, H., Mai, K., Xu, W., Wang, J., Zhang, W., 2011. Effects of dietary supplementation of Bacillus subtilis and fructooligosaccharide on growth performance, survival, non-specific immune response and disease resistance of juvenile large yellow croaker, Larimichthys crocea. Aquaculture 317, 155–161.
 
AOAC, 1990. Official Methods of Analyses, 15th edition. Inc., Arlington, VA, p.
 
Avella, M.A., Gioacchini, G., O, D., Makridis, P., Bracciatelli, C., Carnevali, O., 2010. Application of multi-species of Bacillus.sp  in sea bream larviculture. Aquaculture 305, 12–19.
 
Bai, S.C., 2001. Requirements ofi-ascorbic acid in a viviparous marine teleost, Korean rockfish, Sebastes schlegeli (Hilgendorf). Ascorbic acid in aquatic organisms. status and perspectives, 69.
 
Bessey, O.A., Lowry, O.H., Brock, M.J., 1946. Rapid coloric method for determination of alkaline phosphatase in five cubic millimeters of serum. J. Biol. Chem 164, 321-329.
 
Bradford, M.M., 1976. A rapid sensitive method for the quantification of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding.
. Anal. Biochem 72, 248-254.
 
Castex, M., Chim, L., Pham, D., Lemaire, P., Wabete, N., Nicolas, J.L., Schmidely, P., Mariojouls, C., 2008. Probiotic P. acidilactici application in shrimp Litopenaeus stylirostris culture subject to vibriosis in New Caledonia. Aquaculture 275, 182–193.
 
Ding, X., Li, Z.J., Chen, Y.Q., Lin, H.Z., Yang, Y.Y., Yang, K., 2004. Effects of probiotics on growth and activities of digestive enzymes of Pennaus vannamei. J. Fish. Sci. China 11, 580-584.
 
Fauconneau, B., 1984. The measurements of whole body protein synthesis in larval and juvenile carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). Comp. Biochem. Physiol 78, 845-850.
 
Ferguson, R., Merrifield, D.L., Harper, G.M., Rawling, M.D., Mustafa, S., Picchietti, S., Balca´zar, J.L., Davies, S.J., 2010. The effect of Pediococcus acidilactici on the gut microbiota and immune status of on-growing red tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). J. Appl. Microbiol 109, 851-862.
 
Fuller, R., 1989. A review: probiotics in man and animals. J. Appl. Bacteriol 66, 365–378. .
 
Gatesoupe, F.J., 1999. The use of probiotics in aquaculture. Aquaculture 180, 147 165.
 
Gatesoupe, F.J., 2002. Probiotic and formaldehyde treatments of Artemia nauplii as food for larval pollack, Pollachius pollachius. Aquaculture 212, 347-360.
 
Ghosh, K., Sen, S.K., Ray, A.K., 2003. Supplementation of an isolated fish gut bacterium, Bacillus circulans, in formulated diets for rohu, Labeo rohita, fingerlings. Israeli J. Aquacult 55, 13–21.
 
Ghosh, S., Sinha, A., Sahu, C., 2008. Dietary probiotic supplementation in growth and health of live-bearing ornamental fishes Aquaculture nutrition 14, 289-299.
 
 
 
Kullander , C.J., Ferraris, J., 2003. Checklist of the Freshwater Fishes of South and Central America. Porto Alegre press, Brasil, p.
 
Lara-Flores, M., Olvera-Novoa, M.A., Guzm´an-M´endez, B.E., 2003. Use of the bacteria Streptococcus faecium and Lactobacillus acidophilus, and the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae as growth promoters in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Aquaculture 216, 193–201.
 
Li, P., Burr, G.S., Goff, J., Whiteman, K.W., Davis, K.B., Vega, R.R., Neill, W.H., Gatlin III, D.M., 2005. A preliminary study on the effects of dietary supplementation of brewers yeast and nucleotides, singularly or in combination, on juvenile red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus). Aquaculture Research 36, 1120-1127.
 
Macey, B.M., Coyne, V.E., 2005. Improved growth rate and disease resistance in farmed Haliotis midae through probiotic treatment. Aquaculture 245, 249–261.
 
Mckellar, R.C., Cholette, H., 1986. Determination of the extracellular lipases of Pseudomonas fluorescens spp. in skim milk with the beta-naphthyl caprylate assay
J. Dairy Res 53, 301.
 
Merrifield, D.L., Dimitroglou, A., Foey, A., Davies, S.J., Baker, R.T.M., Bøgwald, J., Castex, M., Ringø, E., 2010. The current status and future focus of probiotic and prebiotic applications for salmonids. Aquaculture 302, 1-18.
 
Misra, C.K., Das, B.K., Mukherjee, S.C., Pattnaik, P., 2006. Effect of long term administration of dietary [beta]-glucan on immunity, growth and survival of Labeo rohita fingerlings. Aquaculture 255, 82-94.
 
Moriarty, D.J.W., 1996. Microbial biotechnology: a key ingredient for sustainable aquaculture. Info. Fish Int 4, 29–33.
 
Moriarty, D.J.W., 1998 Control of luminous Vibrio species in penaeid aquaculture ponds. Aquaculture 164, 351–358.
 
Nicholson, J.A., Kim, Y.S., 1975. A one-step L-amino acid oxidase assay for intestinal peptide hydrolase activity. Anal. Biochem 63, 110-117.
 
Olafsen, J.A., 2001. Interactions between fish larvae and bacteria in marine aquaculture. Aquaculture 200, 223–247.
 
Rawling, M., Merrifield, D.L., Davies, S.J., 2009. Preliminary assessment of dietary supplementation of Sangrovit® on red tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) growth performance and health. Aquaculture 294, 118-122.
 
Schaafsma, S.M., Groothuis, T.G.G., 2012. Sex-specific effects of maternal testosterone on lateralization in a cichlid fish. Animal Behaviour 83, 437-443.
 
Smith, M.A.K., 1981. Estimation of growth potential by measurement of tissue protein synthetic rates in feeding and fasting rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri Richardson. J. fish biol 19, 213-220.
 
Soivio, A., Niemisto, M., Backstrom, M., 1989. Fatty acid composition of Coregonus muksun Pallas: changes during incubation, hatching, feeding and starvation. Aquaculture 79, 163-168.
 
Swain, S.K., Rangacharyulu, P.V., Sarkar, S., Das, K.M., 1996. Effect of a probiotic supplement on growth, nutrient utilization and carcass composition in mrigal fry. J. Aquacult 4, 29–35.
 
Taoka, Y., Maeda, H., Jo, J.Y., Jeon, M.J., Bai, C.S., Lee, W.J., Yuge, K., Koshio, S., 2006. Growth, stress tolerance and non-specific immune response of Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus to probiotics in a closed recirculating system. Fish. Sci 2, 310–321.
 
Tovar-Ramírez, D., Zambonino, I.J., Cahu, C., Gatesoupe, F.J., Vázquez-Juárez, R., 2004. Influence of dietary live yeast on European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) larvae development. Aquaculture 234, 415-427.
 
Tovar-Ramírez, D., Zambonino, J., Cahu, C., Gatesoupe, F.J., Vázquez- Juárez, R., Lésel, R., 2002. Effect of live yeast incorporation in compound diet on digestive enzyme activity in sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) larvae. Aquaculture 204, 113–123.
 
Tseng, D.Y., Ho, P.L., Huang, S.Y., Cheng, S.C., Shiu, Y.L., Chiu, C.S., Liu, C.H., 2009. Enhancement of immunity and disease resistance in the white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, by the probiotic, Bacillus subtilis E20. Aquaculture 26, 339-344.
 
Tseng, H.C., Grendell, J.H., Rothman, S.S., 1982. Food, deodenal extracts, and enzyme secretion by the pancreas. Am. J. Physiol 243.
 
Uma, A., Abraham, T.J., Sundararaj, V., 1999. Effect of a probiotic bacterium, Lactobacillus plantarum on disease resistance of Penaeus indicus larvae. Indian J. Fish 46, 367-373.
 
Vandenbergh, P., 1993. Lactic acid bacteria, their metabolic products and interference with microbial growth. FEMS Microbiol. Rev 12, 221–238.
 
Venkat, H.K., Narottam, P.S., Jain, K.K., 2004. Effect of feeding Lactobacillus-based probiotics on the gut microflora, growth and survival of postlarvae of Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man). Aquaculture Research 35, 501–507.
 
Versaw, W.K., Cuppett, S.L., Winters, D.D., Williams, L.E., 1989. An improved colorimetric assay for bacterial lipase in nonfat dry milk. J. Food Sci 54, 1557-1558.
 
Villamil, L., Tafalla, C., Figueras, A., Novoa, B., 2002. Evaluation of immunomodulatory effects of lactic acid bacteria in turbot (Scophthalmus maximus). Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol 9, 1318–1323.
 
Wang, Y.B., 2007. Effect of probiotics on growth performance and digestive enzyme activity of the shrimp Penaeus vannamei. Aquaculture 269, 259–264.
 
Wang, Y.B., Xu, Z.R., 2006. Effect of probiotics for common carp (Cyprinus carpio) based on growth performance and digestive enzyme activities. Anim. Feed Sci.Technol 127, 283-292.
 
Wang, Y.B., Xu, Z.R., Xia, M.S., 2005. The effectiveness of commercial probiotics in Northern White Shrimp (Penaeus vannamei L.) ponds. Fish. Sci 71, 1034-1039.
 
Zhou, X., Tian, Z., Wang, Y., Li, W., 2010. Effect of treatment with probiotics as water additives on tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) growth performance and immune response. Fish physiology and biochemistry 36, 501--509.
 
Zhou, X.X., Wang, Y.B., Li, W.F., 2009. Effect of probiotic on larvae shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) based on water quality, survival rate and digestive enzyme activities. Aquaculture 287 349-353.
 
Ziaei-Nejad, S., Rezaei, M.H., Takami, G.A., Lovett, D.L., Mirvaghefi, A.R., Shakouri, M., 2006. The effect of Bacillus spp. bacteria used as probiotics on digestive enzyme activity, survival and growth in the Indian white shrimp Fenneropenaeus indicus. Aquaculture 252, 516–520.