بررسی اثرات رهاسازی ماهی کپور نقره‌ای (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix ) بر تراکم جلبکی، سطح تروفی و کیفیت آب (پایلوت در مجاورت سد قشلاق سنندج، استان کردستان)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

گروه شیلات، دانشکدة منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه کردستان، سنندج، ایران.

10.22059/jfisheries.2026.411310.1481

چکیده

مطالعة حاضر به‌منظور بررسی اثرات رهاسازی ماهی فیتوفاگ بر کنترل شکوفایی جلبکی، کیفیت آب و سموم سیانوتوکسین انجام شد. ماهیان با میانگین وزنی 2/4±50 گرم در چهار تیمار شامل تیمار شاهد بدون رهاسازی ماهی، تیمار 2 با تراکم معمول رهاسازی و معادل رهاسازی ماهی برای توان تولید 250 کیلوگرم در هکتار از سد قشلاق سنندج، تیمار 3 با تراکم دو برابر رهاسازی معمول و تیمار 4 با تراکم چهار برابر رهاسازی معمول در 12 استخر 6000 لیتری در مجاورت سد قشلاق به‌مدت 9 هفته در سال 1402 انجام شد. در طی دورة آزمایش، برخی شاخص‌های فیزیکو-شیمیایی و زیستی آب اندازه‌گیری شد و ترکیب پلانکتونی آب، رژیم غذایی ماهی فیتوفاگ، مقدار سیانوتوکسین آب و وضعیت تروفی تیمارها مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. ترکیب فیتوپلانکتونی آب شامل 34 جنس و گونه بود که 28 گونه و جنس آن در رژیم غذایی فیتوفاگ مشاهده شد. در این ترکیب 14 گونة شناسایی شدند. برخی از گونه‌ها باعث ایجاد طعم و بوی بد آب می شوند و گونه‌هایی مانند Anabena spp.، Microcystis spp.، و Oscillatoria spp. تولیدکنندة سموم سیانوتوکسین می‌کنند. تیمار شاهد دارای تراکم جلبک بیشتری نسبت به سایر تیمارها بود و تیمار 3 با 205 سلول در میلی لیتر آب دارای کمترین تراکم جلبک بود. همچنین تیمار 4 با  34623620/8 عدد در کل دستگاه گوارش دارای بیشترین تراکم جلبک در دستگاه گوارش ماهی بود. تنوع زئوپلانکتون‌ها شامل 34 گونه و جنس بود. همچنین میکروسیستین LR در تیمار شاهد با غلظت 0/427 میکروگرم بر لیتر در میان دوره دارای بیشترین میزان و تیمار 4 با 0/085 میکروگرم بر لیتر در پایان دوره دارای کمترین غلظت بود که پایین‌تر از غلظت استاندارد WHO در آب شرب بود (1 میکروگرم بر لیتر). نتایج این مطالعه نشان داد ماهی فیتوفاگ با توجه به رژیم غذایی پلانکتون‌خواری و با تغذیة اصلی از اندازه‌های مختلف فیتوپلانکتون (جلبک)، در صورت رهاسازی علمی در دریاچه‌های پشت سد ضمن بهبود کیفیت آب اثر کنترلی بالایی بر جوامع جلبکی دارد.  

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effects of silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) stocking on algae density, trophy state and water quality (as a pilot nearshore of the Qeshlaq reservoir of Sananndaj, Kurdistan province)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Habibollah Mohammadi
  • Erfan Karimian
  • Barzan Bahrami Kamangar
  • Edris Ghaderi
  • Ronak zareii
  • Farshad Maolodi
  • Arman Mansori
Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran.
چکیده [English]

This study investigated the effecs of phytoplanktivorous silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) stocking at varying densities as a biological control strategy for mitigating algal blooms, cyanotoxin concentrations and water quality. Fish with mean body mass 50 ± 2/4 g, at a nine-week period in a mesocosm as an experiment unit was conducted in 2023 using pond 6,000-L enclosures adjacent to the reservoir. Four treatments were applied: (1) fishless control, (2) conventional stocking density corresponding to the reservoir’s estimated natural production capacity (based on natural fish production 250 kg/Ha), (3) double the conventional density, and (4) quadruple the normal density. At this study some physicochemical and biological parameters, were monitored and plankton community composition, silver carp gut contents, microcystin-LR concentration and trophic state index were assessed. A total phytoplankton genus and species were 34 number which 28 number were detected in silver carp digestive guts. also 14 taxa were associated with taste and odor production, and cyanotoxin-producing (such as Anabaena sp., Microcystis sp., and Oscillatoria sp.) were consistently present in gut contents. The control treatment exhibited the highest phytoplankton density, whereas the treatment 3 demonstrated the lowest in-water algal density (205 cell/ml). The treatment 4 had the highest algal cell counts in fish digestive duct (34,623,620.8 cells fish⁻¹) as well and 34 zooplankton taxa were identified. Microcystin-LR concentrations reached a maximum of 0.427 µg L⁻¹ in the control during mid-experiment but declined to 0.085 µg L⁻¹ in the highest stocking density treatment by the end of the experiment and remaining below the World Health Organization guideline value (1.0 µg L⁻¹) for drinking water. The results of this study indicate when Silver carp scientifically introduced into reservoir ecosystems, exert a strong regulatory effect on algal communities and can contribute significantly to the improvement of water quality.

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