اثرات تغذیه‌ای پودر هسپریدین بر عملکرد رشد، فراسنجه‌های خونی، ایمنی غیراختصاصی و فعالیت آنزیم‌های آنتی‌اکسیدانی ماهی کپور‌معمولی (Cyprinus carpio)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه شیلات، دانشکدة علوم و فناوری نانو و زیستی، دانشگاه خلیج فارس، بوشهر، ایران.

2 گروه شیلات، دانشکدة منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه زابل، ایران.

3 گروه شیلات، پژوهشکدة تالاب بین‌المللی هامون، پژوهشگاه زابل، ایران.

10.22059/jfisheries.2026.409547.1474

چکیده

هدف این پژوهش ارزیابی تجویز خوراکی پودرهسپریدین در جیره بر برخی شاخص‌های رشد، خونشناسی، پارامترهای ایمنی و آنزیم‌های آنتی اکسیدانی مـاهی کپـورمعمـولی (Cyprinus carpio) بود. بچه‌ماهیان با وزن متوسط 1/28±30/02گرم با جیره حاوی پودر هسپریدین در سطوح مختلف صفر (شاهد)، 100، 200 و 300 میلی گرم در کیلوگرم جیرة غذایی پایه به‌مدت 8 هفته به‌صورت یک طرح کاملاًا تصادفی در 4 تیمار و 3 تکرار (15 قطعه ماهی در هر تکرار) تغذیه شدند. در انتهای آزمایش، پس از زیست‌سنجی از نمونه‌های به ظاهر سالم خونگیری شد و شاخص‌های رشد، ایمنی، فعالیت آنزیم‌های متابولیـک، آنزیم‌های آنتی اکسیدانت و شاخص اکسیداسیون چربی (MDA) سرم خون مورد سنجش قرار گرفت. نتایج حاکی از افزایش عملکرد رشد، تغذیه، شاخص‌های خونی گلبول قرمز و گلبول سفید، ایمنی، فعالیت آنزیم‌های کبدی و همچنین فعالیت آنزیم‌های آنتی اکسیدانت در تیمارهای آزمایشی تغذیه شده با جیره غذایی حاوی مکمل پودر هسپریدین بود. از طرفی ضریب چاقی، ضریب تبدیل غذایی و بازماندگی کپور معمولی تحت تاثیر سطوح مختلف پودر هسپریدین در طول دوره آزمایش قرار نگرفت (0.05<P). کاهش معنی داری در فعالیـت آنـزیم‌های کبدی در ماهیـان تغذیه شده با پودر هسپریدین در جیره نسبت به تیمار شاهد مشاهده گردید که تیمار 200 میلی گرم کمترین میزان را نشان داد (0/05>P). افزایش معنی‌داری در تعداد گلبول‌های قرمز و گلبول‌های سفید خون و همچنین در میزان فعالیـت لیـزوزیم، ایمنوگلبولین و آنزیم‌های آنتی‌اکسیدانی سـرم خون در تیمـار تغذیه شده با جیرة غذایی حاوی 200 میلی گرم هسپریدین نسبت به سایر تیمارها به‌دست آمد (0/05>P). نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد که سطح 200 میلی‌گرم هسپریدین در کیلوگرم جیرة غذایی اثر مثبتی بر عملکرد شاخص‌های رشد، کارایی تغذیه، سلامت کبد، آنزیم‌های متابولیک، ایمنی و دفاع آنتی‌اکسیدانی بچه‌ماهی کپور معمولی داشت.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Nutritional effects of hesperidin powder on growth performance, blood parameters, nonspecific immunity and antioxidant enzyme activity of common carp (Cyprinus carpio)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Ali Arshadi 1
  • Samaneh Khaledi 2
  • Abdolali Rahdari 3
  • Amin Oujifard 1
  • Dara Bagheri 1
1 Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Nano and Bio Science and Technology, Bushehr, Iran.
2 Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran.
3 Department of Fisheries, Hamoon International Wetland Research Institute, Zabol Research Institute, Iran.
چکیده [English]

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of oral administration of hesperidin powder in the diet on some growth indices, hematology, immune parameters and antioxidant enzymes of common carp. Juveniles with an average weight of 30.02 ± 1.28 g were fed a diet containing hesperidin powder at different levels of zero (control), 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg basal diet for 8 weeks in a completely randomized design in 4 treatments and 3 replications. At the end of the bioassay experiment, blood was taken from apparently healthy fish samples and growth indices, immune indices, metabolic enzyme activities as well as antioxidant enzymes activity and serum lipid oxidation index were measured. The results indicated an increase in growth performance and nutritional indices, red blood cell and white blood cell indices, immune indices, liver enzyme activity and antioxidant enzymes in the experimental treatments fed with the diet containing hesperidin powder supplement. On the other hand, the condition factor, feed conversion ratio and survival rate of common carp were not affected by different levels of hesperidin powder during the experimental period. A significant decrease in the activity of liver enzymes was observed in fish fed with hesperidin powder in the diet compared to the control treatment, with the 200 mg treatment showing the lowest level. A significant increase in the number of red blood cells and white blood cells as well as in the activity of lysozyme, immunoglobulin and serum antioxidant enzymes was obtained in the treatment fed with the diet containing 200 mg of compared to other treatments. The results of this study showed that a level of 200 mg of hesperidin per kilogram of diet had a positive effect on the performance of growth indices, feed efficiency, liver health, metabolic enzymes, immunity, and antioxidant defense of common carp.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Common carp
  • Hematology
  • Hesperidin polyphenol
  • Immunity index
  • Growth performance

مراجع

Abdel-Latif, H.M.R., Soliman, A.A., Sewilam, H., Almeer, R., Doan, H.V., Alagawany, M., Dawood, M.A.O., 2020. The influence of raffinose on the growth performance, oxidative status, and immunity in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Aquaculture Reports 18(100457), 1-5. DOI: 10.1016/j.aqrep.2020.100457
Acerete, L., Balasch, J.C., Espinosa, E., Josa, A., Tort, L., 2004. Physiological responses in Eurasian perch (Perca fluvitilis, L.) subjected to stress by transport and handling. The Journal of Aquaculture 273(1-4), 167-178.
Ahmadifar, A., Mohammadzadeh, S., Kalhor, N., Yousefi, M., Shahriari Moghadam, M., Naraballobh, W., Ahmadifar, M., Hoseinifar, S.H., Doan, H.V. 2022. Cornelian cherry (Cornus mas L.) fruit extract improves growth performance, disease resistance, and serum immune-and antioxidant-related gene expression of common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Aquaculture 558(738372), 1-10. DOI: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2022.738372.
Ahmadifar, E., Shahriari Moghadam, M., Sheikhzadeh, N., 2019. The effect of persimmon leaf extract (Diospyros kaki) as feed additive on some blood parameters and non-specific immune response in Common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Journal of Aquaculture Sciences 7(11), 27-36. (In Persian)
Akbary, P., Ghareghani poor, M., Fereidouni, M.S., 2015. Effects of Zataria multiflora boiss and Mentha pulegium extracts on phagocytosis, lysozyme, respiratory burst and blood cells of rainbow trout. Journal of Veterinary Research 70(4), 447-454. (In Persian)
Akiyama, S., Katsumata, S. I., Suzuki, K., Ishimi, Y., Wu, J., Uehara, M., 2010. Dietary hesperidin exerts hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects in streptozotocin-induced marginal type 1 diabetic rats. Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Nutrition, 46(1):87-92. DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.09-82
Albaqami, N.M., Alqahtani, A.N., 2025. Analysis of the dose–response dietary effects of hesperidin on growth, blood biomarkers, antioxidant homeostasis, immune/inflammatory signaling, and resistance to Fusarium oxysporum infection in Oreochromis niloticus (Nile Tilapia). Aquaculture International 33, 674.
Alishahi. M., Soltani, M., Mesbah, M., Esmaeilli Rad, A., 2011. Effects of dietary Silybum marianum extract on immune parameters of the Common carp. Journal of Veterinary Research 66(3), 255-263. (In Persian)
Allsopp, M., Johnston, P., Santillo, D., 2008. Challenging the Aquaculture Industry on Sustainability. Greenpeace Research Laboratories Technical Note. Green peace Research Laboratories, University of Exeter, UK. 24 p.
Amer, S.A., El-Araby,D.A., Tartor, H., Farahat, M., Goda, N.I.A., Farag, M.F.M., Fahmy, E.M., Hassan, A.M., Abo El-Maati, M.F., Osman, A., 2022. Long-Term Feeding with Curcumin Affects the Growth, Antioxidant Capacity, Immune Status, Tissue Histoarchitecture, Immune Expression of Proinflammatory Cytokines, and Apoptosis Indicators in Nile Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. Antioxidants 11, 937. DOI: 10.3390/antiox11050937.
Banaee, M., Sureda, A., Mirvaghefi, A.R., Rafei, G.R. 2011. Effects of long term silymarin oral supplementation on the blood biochemical profile of rainbow trout. Fish Physiology Biochemistry. 37: 887-896.
Bansal, K., Bhati, H., Vanshita., Bajpai, M., 2024. New insights into therapeutic applications and nanoformulation approaches of hesperidin: An updated review. Pharmacological Research - Modern Chinese Medicine 10, 100363. DOI: 10.1016/j.prmcm.2024.100363
Bellezzaa, I., Giambancoa, I., Minellia, A., Donato, R., 2018. Nrf2-Keap1 signaling in oxidative and reductive stress. BBA - Molecular Cell Research, 1865, 721-733. DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2018.02.010
Blaxhall, P.C., Daisley, K.W., 1973. Routine hematological methods for use with fish blood. Journal of Fish Biology 5, 771-781.
Bradford, M. 1976. A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantitation of protein utilizing the principal of protein– dye binding. Annals of Clinical Biochemistry 72, 248-254.
Buzdağlı, Y., Eyipınar, C.D., Kacı, F.N., Tekin, A., 2023. Effects of hesperidin on anti-inflammatory and antioxidant response in healthy people: a meta-analysis and meta-regression. International Journal of Environmental Health Research 33(12), 1390-1405. DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2022.2093841
Dawood, M. A. O., Koshio, S., Esteban, M.A., 2018. Beneficial roles of feed additives as immunostimulants in aquaculture: a review. Reviews in Aquaculture 10(4), 950-974. DOI: 10.1111/raq.12209
Dev, A.K., Thakur, R., Yadav, S., 2024. Deciphering the importance of herbal immunostimulants in aquaculture, using citation network analysis: A futuristic sustainable approach. Comparative Immunology Reports 6, 200129. DOI: 10.1016/j.cirep.2023.200129
Dimpfel, W., 2006. Different anticonvulsive effects of hesperidin and its aglycone hesperetin on electrical activity in the rat hippocampus in‐vitro. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 58(3), 375-379.‏
Ellis, A.E., 1990. Lysozyme assays. In: Stolen, J.S., Fletcher, T.C., Anderson, D.P., Robertson, B.S., Van Muiswinkel, W.B. (eds.). Techniques in Fish Immunology, SOS publication, Fair Haven, NJ, USA. pp. 101-103.
FAO. 2024. The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rom, Italy, www.fao.org/publications. 264 p.
Garg, A., Garg, S., Zaneveld, L.J.D., Singla, A.K., 2001. Chemistry and pharmacology of the citrus bioflavonoid hesperidin. Phytotherapy Research 15(8), 655-669.‏
Ghasemi Pirbaluti, A., Pir Ali, E., Pishkar, G.R., Jalali, S.M.A., Raisi, M., Jafarian D.M., Behzad, H., 2010. Effect of some medicinal plants essential oils on the immune system of rainbow trout. Quarterly Herbs 2, 149-155. (In Persian)
Ghiasi, M., Aghajani, S., Binaii, M., Pourgholam, R., Amiri, B., 2015. Effect of aqueous extracts of Hypericumper foratum on hematoserological parameters and survival of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) under thermal stress. Scientific Research Journal 4(2), 91-101.
Guzmán-Gutiérrez, S.L., Navarrete A., 2009. Pharmacological exploration of the sedative mechanism of hesperidin identified as the active principle of Citrus sinensis flowers. Planta Med 75, 295-301.
Harikrishnan, R., Balasundaram, C., Heo, M. S. 2011. Impact of plant products on innate and adaptive immune system of cultured finfish and shellfish. Aquaculture 317, 1-15. DOI: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2011.03.039
Harikrishnan, R., Nisha, M.R., Balasundaram, C., 2003. Hematological and biochemical parameters in common carp, Cyprinus carpio, following herbal treatment for Aeromonas hydrophila infection. Aquaculture 221, 41-50.
Hemat, K., Mahmoud Adham A., Al-Sagheer Fayez, M., Reda Samir A., Mahgoub Mohamed, S.A., 2017. Dietary curcumin supplement influence on growth, immunity, antioxidant status, and resistance to Aeromonas hydrophila in Oreochromis niloticus. Aquaculture, 475: 16-23. DOI: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2017.03.043.
Hu, X., Ma, W., Zhang, D., Tian, Z., Yang, Y., Huang, Y., Hong, Y., 2025. Application of natural antioxidants as feed additives in aquaculture: A review. Biology 14(1), 87.  DOI: 10.3390/biology14010087
Iwama, G., Nakanishi, T., 1996. Innate immunity in fish. In: The Fish Immune System. Academic Press, London, UK. pp: 73-114.
Jasim, S. A., Al-Mosawi, R. H., Khalikov, K., Abdelbasset, W. K., Ahmad, I., Shoukat, S., Jawad, M. A., Hafsan, H., Fakri Mustafa, Y., Norbakhsh, M., 2022. Dietary quercetin improved growth, body composition, haematology, immunity and resistance to Aeromonas hydrophila infection in common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Aquaculture Research 53, 6910-6920. DOI: 10.1111/are.16156
Jian, J., Wu, Z., 2004. Influences of traditional Chinese medicine on nonspecific immunity of Cyprinus carpio. Fish and Shellfish Immunology 16, 185-191.
Johnson, E.J., 2002. The role of carotenoids in human health. Nutrition in Clinical Care 5(2), 56-65.‏
Lanping, M.A., Zaiqun, L., Bo, Z., Li, Y., Zhongli, L., 2000. Inhibition of free radical induced oxidative hemolysis of red blood cells by green tea polyphenols. Chinese Science Bulletin. pp. 45- 22.
Lateef, T., Qureshi, A., 2016. Centratherum anthelminticum and Withania coagulans Improves Lipid Profile and Oxidative Stress in Triton X-100 induced Hyperlipidemic Rabbits. International Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemical Research 8(6), 933-940.
Lazado, C.C., Caipang, C.M.A., Estante, E.G., 2015. Prospects of host-associated microorganisms in fish and penaeids as probiotics with immunomodulatory functions Fish and Shellfish Immunology 45, 2-12.
Li, K., Wangmi, Y., Zheng, Z., Jinag, R., Xie, N., 2009. Replacing fish meal with rendered animal protein ingredients in diets for Malabar grouper, Epinephelus malabaricus, reared in net pens. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society 40, 67-75.
Liu, F., Qu, Y., Geng, C., Wang, A., Zhang, J., Chen, K., Liu, B., Tian, H., Yang, W., Yu, Y., 2020. Effects of hesperidin on the growth performance, antioxidant capacity, immune responses and disease resistance of red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii). Fish and Shellfish Immunology 99, 154-166. DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.02.014
Middleton, E.J., Kandaswami, C.H., Theoharides, T.C., 2000. The effects of plant flavonoids on mammalian cells: Implications for inflammation, heart disease and cancer. Pharmacological Reviews 52(4), 673-751.
Moradi, M., Falahatkar, B., Sattari, M., Alishahi, M., 2018. Effect of different levels of hydroalcoholic extract of Viscum album on growth and hematological indices in Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii). Journal of Aquaculture Sciences 6(9), 1-12. (In Persian)
Nayak, S., Swain, P., Mukherjee, S., 2007. Effect of dietary supplementation of probiotic and vitamin C on the immune response of Indian major Carp, Labeo rohita (Ham). Fish and Shellfish Immunology 23, 892- 896.
Naylor, R.L., Goldburg, R.J., Primavera, J.H., Kautsky, N., Beveridge, M.C.M., Clay, J., Folke, C., Lubchenco, J., Mooney, H., Troell, M. 2000. Effect of aquaculture on world fish supplies. Nature 405, 1017-1024.
Predy, V.R., Reilly, M.E., Mantlc, O., Peters, T.J., 1998. Oxidative damage in liver diseases. JIFCC 10, 16-20.‏
Qi, C., Xu, Q., Ming, J., Song, F., Zhou, C. 2024. Effect of dietary supplementation on the growth and immunity of fish and shellfish. Fishes 9(5), 176. DOI: 10.3390/fishes9050176
Quesada, S.P., Paschoal, J.A., Reyes, F.G.R., 2013. Considerations on the aquaculture development and on the use of veterinary drugs: special issue for fluoroquinolones A review. Food Science 78, 1321-1333.
Řehulka, J., 2000. Influence of astaxanthin on growth rate, condition and some blood indices of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. Aquaculture 190, 27-47.
Reverter, M., Bontemps, N., Lecchinia, D., Banaigs, B., Sasal, P., 2014. Use of plant extracts in fish aquaculture as an alternative to chemotherapy: Current status and future perspectives. Aquaculture 433, 50-61. DOI: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2014.05.048
Roohbakhsh, A., Parhiz, H., Soltani, F., Rezaee, R., Iranshahi, M., 2015. Molecular mechanisms behind the biological effects of hesperidin and hesperetin for the prevention of cancer and cardiovascular diseases. Life Sciences 124, 64-74. DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2014.12.030.
Sahoo, P.K., Kumarij, J., Mishra, K., 2005. Nonspecific immune responses in juveniles of Indian Major Carp. Journal of Applied Ichthyology 21, 151-155.
Sakai, M., 1999. Current research status of fish immunostimulants. Aquaculture 172, 63-92.
Shafiei, F., Soofiani, N.M., Ebrahimi, E., Nematollahi, A., Mohebbi, A., 2016. Effect of alcoholic extract of pomegranate peel (Punica granatum L.) on blood parameters of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) fingerling. Fisheries Science and Biotechnology 5(2), 59-72. (In Persian)
Sharif Zadeh S.A., Khara H., Ghobadi S.H. 2016. Effect of riboflavin vitamin on growth, resistance of blood parameters and immunity of Common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Journal of Aquaculture Development 10(2), 57-63.
Singh, G., Kumar, P., 2011. Evaluation of antimicrobial efficacy of flavonoids of Withania somnifera. Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 73(4), 473-478.
Siwicki, A.K.; Anderson, D.P., Rumsey, G.L. 1994. Dietary intake of immunostimulants by rainbow trout affects non-specific immunity and protection against furunculosis. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology 14, 125-139.
Soltani, M., Sheikhzadeh, N., Ebrahimzadeh-Mousavi, H.A., Zargar, A., 2010 Effect of Zataria multiflora essential oil on innate immune responses of common carp. Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science 5(3), 191-199.
Swain, P.S., Dash, P.K., Sahoo, P., Routray, S.K., Sahoo, S.D., Gupta, P.K., Meher, N., 2006. Nonspecific immune parameters of brood Labeo rohita and their seasonal variations. Fish and Shellfish Immunology 22, 38-43.
Tripathi N.K., Latimer K.S., Burnley V.V., 2004. Hematologic reference intervals for koi (Cyprinus carpio), including blood cell morphology, cytochemistry, and ultrastructure. Veterinary Clinical Pathology 33, 74-83.
Tripathi, P., Dubey, N.K. 2004. Exploitation of Natural Products as an Alternative Strategy to Control Postharvest Fungal Rotting of Fruit and Vegetables. Postharvest Biology and Technology. 32: 235-245.
Vitcheva, V., Simeonova, R., Kondeva-Burdina, M., Mitcheva, M. 2015. Selective Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibitor 7-Nitroindazole Protects against Cocaine-Induced Oxidative Stress in Rat Brain. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, Volume 2015, Article ID 157876, 8 pages. DOI: 10.1155/2015/157876.
Wu, D., Li, J., Fan, Z., Wang, L., Zheng, X. 2022. Resveratrol ameliorates oxidative stress, inflammatory response and lipid metabolism in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) fed with high-fat diet. Frontiers in Immunology 13, 965954. DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.965954
Yazdani, Z., Shamsaie Mehrgan, M., Hosseini Shekarabi, S. P., Khayatzadeh, J., Homayouni Tabrizi, M. 2023. Dietary green-synthesized curcumin-mediated zinc oxide nanoparticles promote growth performance, haemato-biochemical profile, antioxidant status, immunity, and carcass quality in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Aquaculture Reports 32, 101717. DOI: 10.1016/j.aqrep.2023.101717
Yu, H., Sattanathan, G., Yu, L., Li, L., Xiao, Y., 2024. Nutritional tea polyphenols enhance growth, feed efficiency, antioxidant capacity and immunity in coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch). Animals 14(14), 2104. DOI: 10.3390/ani14142104

فایل ها

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار