مطالعات شاخص‌های زیستی، کیفی و خودپالایی رودخانة حفاظت‌شدة کرج

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 پژوهشگر گروه شیلات، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران

2 دانشیار گروه شیلات، دانشکدة منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران

10.22059/jfisheries.2022.340524.1321

چکیده

این مطالعه جهت درک وضعیت سلامت اکوسیستم رودخانة کرج به‌عنوان یکی از مهم‌ترین رودخانه‌های حفاظت شدة کشور از طریق مطالعة شاخص های فیزیکوشیمیایی، سمیت و خودپالایی انجام شد. نمونه‌برداری در سال‌های 1399 و 1400، از 12 ایستگاه در طول رودخانه در بخش حفاظت شده صورت گرفت. شناسایی درشت‌کفزیان و محاسبة ارزش زیستی صورت گرفت. وضعیت کیفی، تعیین مقدار سمیت، اندازه‌گیری PAHs تجزیه و تحلیل آماری داده‌ها انجام شد. براساس نتایج، شاخص کیفیت عمومی آب به‌سمت پایین‌دست غیر از سرشاخه‌ها رو به کاهش بود. سمیت دارای نوسان و در کل از بالادست به پایین‌دست نزولی بود. شاخص زیستی کفزیان بیشترین مقدار را در پارک چمران و کمترین عدد را در سرشاخة هفت‌چشمه داشت. از نظر خودپالایی، رودخانه در طبقات الیگوساپروب، بتامزوساپروب و آلفامزوساپروب قرار داشت. ایستگاه‌های بالادست نسبت به پایین‌دست و فصل سرد نسبت به فصل گرم وضع مطلوب‌تری داشت. نقشه‌های تقسیم‌بندی حوضة آبریز کرج براساس روش مونیخی، شاخص IRWQIsc و تلفیق نقشة خودپالایی، BOD و کاربری اراضی منطقه تهیه شدند. نتایج حاصل از تحلیل‌ها، نقش مهم فعالیت‌های انسانی به‌خصوص کاربری‌های روستایی و باغی و در مرحلة بعد جاده‌ها در کیفیت آب رودخانه را نشان داد. از بالادست به‌سمت پایین‌دست، تعداد منابع آلاینده بیشتر شده و نقش خود را نشان داده‌اند. افزایش تراکم مناطق روستایی و باغی سبب افزایش BOD و شاخص کفزیان شده است. بنابراین لازم است تصفیة فاضلاب‌ها، تدوین استانداردهای نظام کشاورزی و نظارت بر استفاده از آب‌های زیرزمینی به‌همراه برخورد با متخلفان جهت حفاظت از رودخانه پیگیری و انجام شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Studies of biotic, quality and pollution parameters of the Karaj protected river

نویسندگان [English]

  • Bahareh Samadi-kouchaksaraei 1
  • Kamran Rezaei Tavabe 2
1 Researcher, Department of Fisheries, Natural Resources Faculty, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
2 Associate Professor, Department of Fisheries, Natural Resources Faculty, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
چکیده [English]

This study was conducted to understand the health status of Karaj River ecosystem as one of the most important rivers in Iran, the physicochemical parameters, toxicity and saprobic indices were analyzed due to sampling from 12 stations in 2021. Identification of benthic organisms and calculation of biological value was performed. Qualitative status, toxicity analysis, measurement of PAHs along with statistical analysis were performed as well. According to the results, the general water quality index decreased in downstream except for the branches. Toxicity had fluctuating and generally decreased from upstream to downstream. The biological value index had the highest rate in Chamran Park and the lowest recorded in Haft Cheshmeh branch. In terms of saprobic index, the river categorized in Oligosaprob, β-mesosaprob and α-amesosaprob classes. Upstream stations had favorable status compared to downstream in both cold and warm seasons. Karaj basin subdivision maps were prepared based on the Munich method, IRWQIsc index and the combination of saprobi map, BOD and land use in the region. The results of the analysis confirmed the important role of human activities in river water quality, especially in rural and garden uses, and in the next stage, roads. From upstream to downstream, the number of pollutant sources has increased and their roles were evident. Development of rural areas negatively increased BOD and benthic index. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor and treat wastewater, to issue the environmental standards for agriculture activities and groundwater uses, as well as deal with violators with the aim of conserving the river.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Water quality index
  • Toxicity index
  • Biological value index of benthos
  • Karaj River
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