سنجش میزان فلزات سنگین کادمیوم ، کروم و برخی آنزیم های کبدی در ماهی سیبس آسیایی (Lates calcarifer) پرورش یافته در قفس در بوشهر

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه زیست‌شناسی، دانشکدة علوم زیستی، واحد ورامین- پیشوا، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، پیشوا، ایران.

2 موسسة تحقیقات علوم شیلاتی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات و آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران.

3 دانشکدة دامپزشکی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران.

4 گروه زیست‌شناسی، دانشکدة علوم پایه، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران.

10.22059/jfisheries.2024.376846.1427

چکیده

این پژوهش با هدف بررسی و شناسایی تجمع فلزات سنگین کادمیوم و کروم در بافت کبد ماهی سی ­باس آسیایی Lates calcarifer پرورش‌یافته در قفس و برخی از شاخص ­های فیزیولوژیک آن انجام شد نمونه‌برداری این پژوهش در قفس­ های مستقر در بندرکنگان در استان بوشهر انجام شد. شاخص ­های زیست­ سنجی ماهیان پس از انتقال به آزمایشگاه شامل وزن برحسب گرم به‌وسیلة ترازو و طول کل برحسب سانتی­ متر به ­وسیلة تختة زیست‌سنجی اندازه ­گیری شد. سپس از هر قطعه ماهی، از بافت­های کبد نمونه تهیه شد و توسط دستگاه اسپکتروفتومتری جذب اتمی شعله، میزان غلظت هر فلز به­ دست آمد. برای ارزیابی آنالیز بافتی، پس از تشریح، نمونة بافت کبد جداسازی و کلیة مراحل پاساژ بافتی شامل آبگیری، شفاف­ سازی و آغشتگی توسط دستگاه پاساژ بافت با هیستوکینت و تحت برنامة زمان­ بندی شده انجام و به­ روش هماتوکسیلین-ائوزین رنگ ­آمیزی شدند و تأثیر هر یک از فلزات سنگین به­ صورت جداگانه مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفت. سنجش آنزیم­های سوپراکسید دیسموتاز،کاتالاز، مالون دی‌آلدئید و استیل‌کولین استراز نیز با استفاده از کیت­های تجاری و براساس دستورالعمل آنها انجام گردید. نتایج این پژوهش نشان داد میانگین فلز کادمیوم و کروم در بافت کبد ماهی نمونه‌ها به‌ترتیب 0/13 و 3/13 میلی‌گرم در گرم و میانگین غلظت آنزیم سوپراکسید دیسموتاز، کاتالاز و مالون دی‌آلدئید به­ ترتیب U/L 62/33، 64/33و 58/66بود. نتایج آسیب‌شناسی بافت کبد نشان داد که تمامی نمونه کبدهای ماهی مورد مطالعه بافتی ناسالم بوده ­اند. در بررسی نمونة بافت کبد ماهی سی‌باس آسیایی عوارضی همچون نکروزی شدن شدید سلول‌های کبدی (هپاتوسیت) در تمامی نمونه­ها، پرخونی و خونریزی به‌مقدار زیاد، آتروفی سلولی و دژنرسانس چربی به مقدار کم؛ همچنین هیپرتروفی سلولی نیز در نمونه‌های مورد نظر مشاهده  گردید. به‌نظر می­ رسد عوارض ایجاد شده در بافت کبد و تغییرات آنزیمی منتج از آلودگی فلزات سنگین کروم و کادمیوم باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Assessment of heavy metals Cd and Cr and some enzymes in the liver tissue of Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer) cultured in cage in Bushehr province

نویسندگان [English]

  • Siamak Yousefi Siahkalroodi 1
  • Parastoo Mohebi Derakhsh 2
  • Mahyar Yousefi Siahkalroodi 3
  • Ala Hasan Khalaf 4
1 Department of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Varamin-Pishva Branch, Islamic Azad University, Pishva, Iran.
2 Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute, Agriculture Research Education and Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran.
3 Faculty of Veterinary, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
4 Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

This research aimed to investigate and identify the accumulation of heavy metals cadmium and chromium in the liver tissue of Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer) cultured in cages and some of its physiological indicators. Sampling for this study was conducted in cages located in Bandar Kangan, Bushehr Province. After transfer to the laboratory, fish biometric indices were measured, including weight in grams using a scale and total length in centimeters using a biometric board. Liver tissue samples were collected from each fish specimen and analyzed using flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry to determine the concentration of each metal. For tissue analysis, liver samples were isolated after dissection. All stages of tissue passage, including dehydration, clearing, and impregnation, were performed using a tissue processor or histokinet under a scheduled program. Samples were stained using the hematoxylin-eosin method, and the effects of each heavy metal were analyzed separately. Superoxide dismutase, catalase, malondialdehyde, and acetylcholinesterase enzymes were measured using commercial kits according to their instructions. The mean concentrations of cadmium and chromium in the liver tissue of the fish samples were 0.13 and 3.13 mg/g, respectively. The mean concentrations of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and malondialdehyde enzymes were 62.33 U/L, 64.33 U/L, and 58.66 U/L, respectively. Liver tissue pathology results showed that all studied fish liver samples were unhealthy. Examination of Asian seabass liver tissue samples revealed severe necrosis of liver cells (hepatocytes) in all samples, extensive congestion and hemorrhage, mild cellular atrophy and fatty degeneration, as well as cellular hypertrophy in the samples. It appears that the observed liver tissue damage and enzymatic changes may be a result of contamination by the heavy metals chromium and cadmium.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Asian sea bass
  • Bioaccumulation
  • Chromium
  • Cadmium
  • Liver
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