اثرات سطوح مختلف پودر و عصاره الکلی یونجه (Medicago sativa) بر عملکرد رشد، تغذیه، بیوشیمیایی لاشه و برخی فاکتورهای بیوشیمیایی سرم خونی ماهی کپور معمولی (Cyprinus carpio

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 1. دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد رشته تکثیر و پرورش آبزیان، گروه شیلات، دانشکده منابع طبیعی دریا، دانشگاه علوم و فنون دریایی خرمشهر، خرمشهر، ایران

2 2. دانشیار، گروه شیلات، دانشکده منابع طبیعی دریا، دانشگاه علوم و فنون دریایی خرمشهر، خرمشهر، ایران

3 3. استادیار، گروه شیلات، دانشکده منابع طبیعی دریا، دانشگاه علوم و فنون دریایی خرمشهر، خرمشهر، ایران

چکیده

این پژوهش به منظور بررسی تغییرات فاکتورهای رشد، تغذیه، بیوشیمیایی لاشه و برخی فاکتورهای بیوشیمیایی سرم خون کپور معمولی تغذیه شده با جیره حاوی سطوح مختلف پودر و عصاره الکلی گیاه یونجه، انجام گردید. طی این تحقیق 300 قطعه ماهی با وزن متوسط 19/0 ± 04/20 گرم و طول متوسط 64/0± 78/11 سانتی متر به مدت 8 هفته با 9 تیمار غذایی ساخته شده تغذیه شدند.تیمارهای غذایی ساخته شده شامل 4 تیمار غذایی با سطوح افزایشی پودر یونجه (سطوح 3، 6، 9 و 12 درصد)، 4 تیمار غذایی با سطوح افزایشی عصاره الکلی یونجه (سطوح 1، 2، 3 و 4 درصد) و یک تیمار غذایی بدون افزودن عصاره و پودر (به عنوان گروه کنترل) بودند. بر اساس نتایج بدست آمده در پایان آزمایش، نتایج نشان داد که افزودن سطوح مختلف پودر یونجه تا میزان 9 درصد جیره و عصاره الکلی تا میزان 4 درصد جیره منجر به افزایش وزن بدن، درصد افزایش وزن بدن، ضریب رشد روزانه، نرخ رشد ویژه، ضریب چاقی، شاخص احشایی و کبدی، پروتئین و چربی لاشه، نسبت بازده غذایی، نسبت بازده پروتئین و چربی، پروتئین کل، گلوبولین،گلوکز و فسفر سرم با اختلاف معنی داری نسبت به تیمار شاهد منجر شده (05/0>P) و از طرف دیگر این تیمار ها در نسبت تبدیل غذایی، چربی محوطه شکمی، رطوبت لاشه، تری گلیسرید و کلسترول کاهش معنی داری  تیمار شاهد نشان دادند (05/0>P) اما اختلاف معنی داری بین شاخص های طول نسبی روده، کل غذای مصرفی، کربوهیدرات و خاکستر لاشه، آلبومین و کلسیم با تیمار شاهد مشاهده نشد (05/0<P). در این تحقیق شاخص نسبت تبدیل اقتصادی نیز محاسبه گردید و نتایج بهترین و اقتصادی ترین تیمار برای به کار گیری در تغذیه ماهی کپور تیمار 4 درصد عصاره و 9 درصد پودر بود. با توجه به نتایج بدست آمده از این تحقیق و بهبود فاکتورهای رشد و تغذیه و همچنین افزایش سطوح سرمی پروتئین تام و گلوبولین از یک سو و کاهش مقادیر سرکی کلسترول و تری گلیسرید از سوی دیگر، و همچنین تاثیرات مثبت بر سطوح سرمی کلسیم و فسفر، یونجه را می توان به عنوان یک مکمل گیاهی مناسب جهت استفاده در جیره غذایی ماهی کپور معمولی، معرفی نمود.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effects of Different Levels of Meal and Alcoholic Extract of Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) on Growth Performance, Nutrition, Carcass Biochemical and Some Serum Biochemical Parameters in Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Zahra Falamarzi1 1
  • Seyed Mohammad Mousavi2* 2
  • Nasim Zanguee3 3
  • Nasim Zanguee3 3
1 1. MSc Student of Aquaculture, Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Marine Natural Resources, Khorramshahr University of Marine Science and Technology, Khorramshahr, Iran
2 2. Associate Professor, Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Marine Natural Resources, Khorramshahr University of Marine Science and Technology, Khorramshahr, Iran
3 3. Assistant Professor, Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Marine Natural Resources, Khorramshahr University of Marine Science and Technology, Khorramshahr, Iran
چکیده [English]

This research was conducted to evaluate alteration of growth performance, nutrition, carcass and some serum biochemical parameters of common carp fed the diets supplemented by different levels of meal and alcoholic extract of alfalfa (Medicago sativa). In this research, 300 fish (mean weight: 20.4 ± 0.19 g and mean length: 11.78 ± 0.64 cm) were fed by nine nutritional diets for 8 weeks. Nutritional treatments were four treatment groups which had increasing levels of alfalfa meal (3, 6, 9 and 12 percent), four treatment groups with increasing levels of alfalfa extract (1, 2, 3 and 4 percent) and one control group (without any meal or extract). Based on the results, adding 9 percent of alfalfa meal and 4 percent alcoholic extract to the diets of examined fish, increased significantly weight gain (WG), body weight gain percent (BWG%), daily  growth  ratio (DGR), specific  growth  ratio  (SGR), condition factor (CF), hepato somatic index (HIS), and viscero somatic index (VSI), feed efficiency ratio (FER), protein efficiency ratio (PER), carcass protein and lipid and blood serum levels of total protein (TP), globulin (GLUB), glucose (GLUC) and phosphorus (PHOS) in comparison with the control group (P<0.05). On the other hand, those treatments, indicated a significantly-decreasing trend in feed conversion ratio (FCR), intraperitoneal fat ratio (IFR), carcass moisture, triglyceride (TG), cholesterol (CHOL), in comparison with the control group (P<0.05). There was not any significant difference between experimental treatments for relative length gut (RLG), total feed intake (TFI), and carcass carbohydrate and ash and serum albumin (ALB) and calcium (Ca) levels (P>0.05). Based on the results and calculation of economical index, the most economic and the best treatment was 4% of alcoholic extract and 9 % of alfalfa meal for diets of Cyprinus carpio.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Alfalfa
  • growth performance
  • Nutrition
  • Carcass Biochemical
  • Serum Biochemical Parameters
  • common carp

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شیلات
دوره 69، شماره 2
شهریور 1395
صفحه 235-251

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