اثر خوراک آلوده به سطوح مختلف آفلاتوکسین ب1 و زیرالنون بر عملکرد رشد و آسیب شناسی بافت روده و آبشش ماهی قرمز (Carassius auratus)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری گروه شیلات و آبزیان، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران

2 دانشیار گروه شیلات و آبزیان، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران

3 دانشیار گروه مهندسی منابع طبیعی و محیط زیست، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران

4 دانشیار گروه علوم پایه، دانشکده دامپزشکی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران

10.22059/jfisheries.2023.353623.1363

چکیده

در این مطالعه اثر آفلاتوکسین B1 (AFB1) و زیرالنون (ZEA) خوراک روی ماهی قرمز، Carassius auratus، مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. در مجموع تعداد 540 قطعه ماهی قرمز انگشت‌قد با میانگین وزنی 0/12±6/25 گرم به‌صورت تصادفی در قالب 9 تیمار آزمایشی با 3 تکرار با جیره­ های غذایی آزمایشی شامل سه سطح AFB1 (0، 50 و 100ppb) و سه سطح  ZEA (0، 500 و 1000ppb) به مدت 60 روز مورد آزمایش قرار گرفتند. شاخص ­های رشد و تغذیه و همچنین آسیب­­ های بافتی وارد بر آبشش و روده مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که آلودگی خوراک با AFB1 و ZEA باعث کاهش عملکرد رشد و شاخص‌های تغذیه‌ای گروه‌های آزمایشی شد؛ بیشترین و کمترین میزان ضریب رشد حرارتی (TGC)، وزن نهایی بدن (FBW)، افزایش وزن بدن (WG) و ضریب رشد روزانه (DGC) به‌ترتیب متعلق به گروه کنترل و AFB50ZEA1000 بود (0/05>P). اگرچه شاخص‌های تغذیه­ ای، از جمله نسبت بازدة پروتئین (PER)، ارزش پروتئین تولیدی (PPV) و بازدة چربی (LER) در بین گروه‌های آزمایشی مختلف تفاوت معنی ­داری نداشتند (0/05<P)، اما ماهی‌های تغذیه شده با خوراک حاوی 500ppb  ZEA کمترین مقدار LPV را داشتند (0/05>P). همچنین بیشترین میزان التهاب بافت روده (0/75±4/0) و نکروز (0/75±4/0) در گروه AFB100 ZEA500 مشاهده شد (0/05>P). همچنین، استفادة همزمان از AFB1 و ZEA در جیرة غذایی شدت آسیب‌های بافتی شامل اتصال رشته ­های آبششی، هایپرپلازی، احتقان و خونریزی را تقریباً در تمامی تیمارهای حاوی AFB1 و ZEA افزایش داد (0/05>P). بنابراین، خوراک حاوی AFB1 و ZEA می­ تواند سبب کاهش شاخص‌های عملکرد رشد ماهی حتی در غلظت‌هایی کمتر از سطوح امن توصیه شده برای آبزیان گردد. به‌عبارتی باید در مورد آستانة ایمن مایکوتوکسین­ ها در خوراک از نظر سلامتی و عملکرد ماهی تجدید نظر شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of diet contaminated with different levels of aflatoxin B1 and zearalenone on growth performance and pathology of the intestine and gills in goldfish, Carassius auratus

نویسندگان [English]

  • Seyedeh Zhino Hoseyni 1
  • Ahmad Imani 2
  • Arya Vazizadeh 3
  • Kourosh Sarvi Moghanloo 2
  • Mazdak Razi 4
1 Ph.D Candidate, Department of Fisheries Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
2 Urmia University, Faculty of Natural Resources, Dept. of Fisheries
3 Associate Professor, Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
4 Associate Professor, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
چکیده [English]

The effects of dietary aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and zearalenone (ZEA) co-contamination on goldfish, Carassius auratus, was investigated. Total of 540 C. auratus fingerlings with an average body weight of 6.25±0.12g were randomly distributed in nine different experimental groups with 3 replicates comprised of three dietary levels of AFB1 (0, 50 and 100ppb) and ZEA (0, 500 and 1000ppb). Fish were fed with the experimental diets for 60 days. Then growth and nutritional indicate and pathology of gill and intestinal tissue were investigated. The results showed that dietary AFB1 and/or ZEA contamination depressed the growth performance, and nutritional indices of the experimental groups; the highest and lowest WG, final body weight, TGC and DGC were belonged to control group and AFB50ZEA1000, respectively (P<0.05). Although the nutritional indices, including PER, PPV and LER, were not significantly different among the experimental groups (P>0.05), the fish fed the diet containing 500 ppb ZEA had the lowest value of LPV (P<0.05). The highest intestine tissue inflammation (4.0±0.75) and necrosis (4.0±0.75) scores were observed in AFB100ZEA500 group (P>0.05). Also, the simultaneous presence of AFB1 and ZEA in the diet increased the severity of the gill tissue damage, including hyperplasia, congestion, hemorrhage, and lamellar fusion in almost all treatments containing AFB1 and ZEA (P<0.05). The results revealed that dietary co-contamination of AFB1 and ZEA could negatively affect fish performance at concentration even lower than those indicated in the literature implying that the safe feed mycotoxin thresholds would be revised in terms of fish welfare and performance.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Mycotoxins
  • Growth
  • Pathology
  • Fish
  • Aquaculture

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