مروری بر مطالعات تولید کنسانترة پروتئینی از زائدات صنایع فرآوری ماهی به روش تغییر pH

نوع مقاله : مروری

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، گروه شیلات، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران

2 دانشیارگروه شیلات، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران

3 فارغ التحصیل دکتری، گروه شیلات، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و علوم دریایی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، نور، ایران

10.22059/jfisheries.2023.359070.1387

چکیده

هنگامی ­که ماهی به‌صورت مکانیکی در مقیاس تجاری، فرآوری می ­شود، معمولاً بین 45 تا 55 درصد وزن آن به­ عنوان زائدات دور ریخته می ­شود. این حجم از زائدات حاصل از فرآوری آبزیان، مقدار زیادی مواد مغذی از جمله پروتئین با کیفیت تغذیه­ ای بالا دارد که علی‌رغم نیاز به آن، استفادة صحیح از آن­ها صورت نمی ­گیرد. به­ منظور استفادة بهینه این دسته مواد و همچنین استفادة بهینه از ماهی­ های کم ارزش فناوری­ های متعددی از جمله روش تغییر pH مورد توجه قرار گرفته است. این روش که بر مبنای انحلال مادة اولیه در اسید و باز (قلیا) صورت می‌گیرد، شامل دو مرحله است، در مرحلة اول، pH مواد اولیه با استفاده از اسید یا باز مربوطه کاهش یا افزایش می­ یابد. این امر سبب می­ شود پروتئین ­های عضلانی هم­بار شده و سپس در محیط آبی حل شوند و مرحلة دوم شامل رسوب پروتئین­ ها تا نقطة ایزوالکتریک آن‌ها است. پروتئین حاصل از این روش، از خواص تغذیه ­ای و عملکردی بالاتری نسبت به سایر روش­ های مرسوم تولیدکنسانترة پروتئینی نظیرسوریمی برخوردارند. این مقاله قصد دارد به شرح اصول فرآیند تغییر pH و بازیابی پروتئین کنسانترة به این روش، مزایا و معایب هر دو روش اسیدی و بازی و مقایسة آن با روش فرآوری مرسوم (سوریمی) بپردازد که در نهایت خواص تغذیه ­ای و عملکردی این فرآیند نیز به تفصیل مورد بحث قرار می­ گیرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

A review of studies on the production of protein concentrate from the wastes of fish processing industries by the pH shift method

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohadeseh Alizadeh Pir Alidehi 1
  • Seyed Vali Hosseini 2
  • Tara Zarei 3
1 M.Sc. student, Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
2 Associate Professor, Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
3 Ph.D graduate, Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Iran
چکیده [English]

When fish is mechanically processed on a commercial scale, usually between 45 and 55% of its weight is discarded as waste. This amount of waste from aquatic processing contains a large number of nutrients, including protein with high nutritional quality, which, despite its need, is not properly used. In order to optimally use this category of materials and also optimally use underutilization fish, several technologies including the pH shift method were taken into consideration. This method, which is based on the dissolution of the raw material in acid and base (alkali), consists of two stages. In the first stage, the pH of the raw material is reduced or increased by using the corresponding acid or base. This causes the muscle proteins to be charged together and then dissolve in the aqueous medium, and the second stage includes the precipitation of the proteins up to their isoelectric point. The protein obtained from this technique has higher nutritional and functional properties than other conventional techniques for producing protein concentrates such as surimi. This article intends to describe the principles of the pH shift process and the recovery of concentrated protein in this way, the advantages and disadvantages of both acid and alkaline methods and its comparison with the conventional (surimi) processing method, which ultimately the nutritional and functional properties of this process. It is discussed in detail.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Fishing waste
  • Protein recovery
  • Fish
  • Surimi
  • pH-shift
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