عادت دهی بچه تاسماهی ایرانی (Acipenser persicus) به غذای خشک تجاری و تأثیر تغذیة اولیة لاروی با غذاهای زندة مختلف بر شاخص های رشد، هماتولوژیک و بیوشیمیایی خون

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری تکثیر و پرورش آبزیان، گروه شیلات، دانشکدة منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه گیلان، صومعه سرا، گیلان، ایران

2 استاد گروه شیلات، دانشکدة منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه گیلان، صومعه سرا، گیلان، ایران

3 استادیار موسسة تحقیقات بین‌المللی تاسماهیان دریای خزر، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، رشت، ایران

10.22059/jfisheries.2024.359050.1386

چکیده

هدف از این مطالعه، تأثیر تغذیة اولیه با غذاهای زندة مختلف در مرحلة لاروی روی شاخص ­های رشد، هماتولوژیک و بیوشیمیایی خون تاسماهی ایرانی (Acipenser persicus) پس از مرحلة عادت­دهی به غذای خشک بود. ماهی مورد مطالعه، تاسماهی ایرانی و محل انجام این تحقیق بخش پرورش لارو مرکز بازسازی و حفاظت از ذخایر ژنتیکی ماهیان دریایی شادروان دکتر یوسف‌پور سیاهکل در استان گیلان بود. بچه ماهیان مورد نیاز به تعداد 900 عدد بچه تاسماهی ایرانی با وزن متوسط 2/3±263/8میلی­گرم (میانگین±خطای استاندارد) بودند که از هر تیمار مرحلة لاروی که با غذاهای زنده مختلف در 4 تیمار: 1 (آرتمیا+دافنی)، 2 (فقط آرتمیا)، 3 (آرتمیا+شیرونومید) و 4 (فقط شیرونومید) پرورش یافته بودند، انتخاب شد و در طی مدت 21 روز با استفاده از شیرونومید و غذای فرموله شده به غذای خشک عادت داده شدند. لاروهای مورد استفادة حاصل از استحصال تخم از یک قطعه تاسماهی ایرانی ماده و لقاح آن با اسپرم دو قطعه تاسماهی ایرانی نر صید شده از دریای خزر بودند و در طی 11 روز با غذاهای زنده مورد نظر در تیمارهای 4 گانه به وزن مورد نظر برای عادت‌دهی رسیدند. وزن نهایی، میزان رشد، کارایی غذا و شاخص رشد روزانه در تیمار 4 به­طور معنی­داری بیشتر از همه تیمارها بود. نرخ رشد ویژه و شاخص افزایش وزن در تیمار 4 بالاتر از همة تیمارها و ضریب تبدیل غذایی در این تیمار پایین‌تر از سایر تیمارها بود (0/05>P). پس از عادت­دهی بچه ماهیان به غذای خشک تجاری، در خصوص شاخص­های بیوشیمیایی، پروتئین کل، آلبومین و گلوبولین در تیمار 3 (آرتمیا و شیرونومید) از همه بیشتر و در تیمار 1 (آرتمیا و دافنی) از همه کمتر بود (0/05>P). از نظر شاخص­های هماتولوژیک، تعداد گلبول­های سفید و متوسط غلظت هموگلوبین سلولی در تیمار 1 (آرتمیا و دافنی) از همه بیشتر و در تیمار 2 (آرتمیا) از همه کمتر بود (0/05>P).  نتایج تحقیق حاضر نشان داد که تغذیه با لارو شیرونومید در مرحلة لاروی بیشترین تأثیر را روی شاخص‌های رشد و بیوشیمیایی خون بچه تاسماهی ایرانی پس از عادت ­دهی به غذای خشک داشته است، بنابراین، استفاده از لارو شیرونومید برای تغذیة اولیة لاروهای تاسماهی ایرانی و مرحلة گذار از غذای زنده به غذای خشک تجاری بدون اثر منفی بر شاخص ­های فیزیولوژیک توصیه می‌شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Adaptation of Persian sturgeon (Acipenser persicus) fry to commercial dry diet and the effect of initial larval feeding with different live foods on growth, hematological and blood biochemical parameters

نویسندگان [English]

  • Iraj Efatpanah 1
  • Bahram Falahatkar 2
  • Mir Masoud Sajjadi 2
  • Maryam Monsef Shokri 3
1 PhD student in Aquaculture, Fisheries Department, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Guilan, Sowmeh Sara, Guilan, Iran
2 Professor, Fisheries Department, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Guilan, Sowmeh Sara, Guilan, Iran
3 Assistant Professor, International Sturgeon Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Rasht, Iran
چکیده [English]

The aim of this study was to find the effect of initial feeding with different live feeds in the larval stage on growth, hematological and blood biochemical indices of Persian sturgeon (Acipenser persicus) after the stage of adaptation to dry food. In order to carry out this study, 900 Persian sturgeon with an average weight of 263.8 ± 2.3 mg (mean ± standard error) were selected from each larval stage treatment, and 300 larvae were selected in each tank with 4 treatments and 3 replications. During 21 days, they were acclimated to dry food using chironomid and formulated diet. These Persian sturgeon fries were reared in the larval stage in 4 treatments includes: 1 (Artemia + Daphnia), 2 (Artemia), 3 (Artemia + chironomid) and 4 (chironomid). Final weight, growth rate, feed efficiency and daily growth rate in treatment 4 were significantly higher compared with the other treatments. Specific growth rate and weight gain in treatment 4 were higher than that of all treatments and food conversion ratio in this treatment was lower than the other treatments (P < 0.05). After adaptation of fries to commercial dry food, total protein and albumin were the highest in treatment 3 (Artemia and chironomid) and the lowest in treatment 1 (Artemia and Daphnia) (P>0.05). In terms of hematological indices, the number of white blood cells and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration were the highest in treatment 1 (Artemia and Daphnia) and lowest in treatment 2 (Artemia) (P<0.05). According to the results of the present study, feeding with chironomid larvae in the larval stage has a great effect on the growth and blood biochemical indices of Persian sturgeon fry after getting used to dry food, which chironomid larvae was used to feed Persian sturgeon larvae. The use of chironomid larvae is recommended for the initial feeding of Persian sturgeon fry and the transition stage from live feed to commercial dry food.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Sturgeon
  • Live food
  • Artemia
  • Daphnia
  • Chironomid
  • Blood factors
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