تأثیر سمیت مزمن حشره کش دیازینون بر شاخص‌های رشد، بقاء و فعالیت‌های فیزیولوژیکی آرتمیای دریاچة ارومیه (Artemia urmiana)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 کارشناسی ارشد گروه شیلات و آبزیان، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران

2 دانشیار گروه اکولوژی و مدیریت ذخایر آبی، پژوهشکده آرتمیا و آبزی‌پروری، دانشگاه ارومیه ، ارومیه، ایران

3 دانشیار گروه شیلات و آبزیان، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران

4 دانشجوی دکتری گروه شیلات و آبزیان، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران

10.22059/jfisheries.2023.351498.1353

چکیده

مطالعة حاضر با هدف بررسی اثر سمیت مزمن حشره‌کش دیازینون به‌عنوان یکی از پرمصرف‌ترین سموم مورد استفاده در زمین‌های زراعی و باغ‌های اطراف دریاچة ارومیه، بر شاخص‌های رشد، بقاء، فعالیت آنزیم‌های آنتی‌اکسیدانی و گوارشی در گونة Artemia urmiana صورت گرفت. ابتدا LC50 حشره‌کش دیازینون برای مراحل مختلف سنی آرتمیا شامل ناپلی، متاناپلی و بالغین در ساعت‌های 24، 48 و 96 با استفاده از آزمون پروبیت سنجش شد. LC50 دیازینون برای ناپلی در ساعت‌های عنوان‌شده به‌ترتیب 23/769، 9920 و 0/008، برای متاناپلی 2/231، 0/015 و 0/002 و برای بالغین 0/919، 0/038 و 0/007 میلی‌گرم بر لیتر به‌دست آمد. برای بررسی اثر سمیت مزمن حشره‌کش دیازینون بر شاخص‌های زیستی، A. urmiana در قالب 4 تیمار کنترل، 25 درصد LC50، 50 درصد LC50 و 100 درصد LC50 به‌مدت 15 روز پرورش داده شد. شاخص‌های رشد و درصد بقاء در روزهای 8، 11 و 15 و فعالیت آنزیم‌های آنتی‌اکسیدانی و گوارشی کل زی‌تودة آرتمیاها در انتهای دوره سنجش شدند. بیشترین مقدار رشد و بقاء در تیمار کنترل و کمترین آن‌ها در تیمار 100 درصد LC50  مشاهده شد (0/05>P). فعالیت آنزیم سوپراکسید دیسموتاز در تیمارهای 25 درصد LC50  و 50 درصد LC50  کاهش یافت (0/05>P). فعالیت آنزیم‌های کاتالاز و گلوتاتیون پراکسیداز نیز در تیمارهای 25 درصد LC50  و 50 درصد LC50  در مقایسه با تیمار 100 درصد LC50  کاهش یافت (0/05>P). بین تیمارهای مختلف در فعالیت آنزیم‌های آلکالین پروتئاز و لیپاز اختلاف معنی‌داری مشاهده نشد (0/05<P). فعالیت آنزیم آلفا آمیلاز با افزایش غلظت دیازینون کاهش یافت (0/05>P). به‌طور کلی می‌توان نتیجه گرفت که دیازینون باعث کاهش رشد و بقاء در A. urmiana خواهدشد و اثرات منفی بر فعالیت آنزیمی دارد. با توجه به نتایج پژوهش حاضر جهت حفظ این گونه، استفاده از حشره‌کش دیازینون در مناطق اطراف دریاچه ارومیه بایستی کنترل شده باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of chronic toxicity of diazinon insecticide on growth, survival and physiological activities of Urmia Lake Artemia (Artemia urmiana)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Sona Ghamarshenas 1
  • Behrooz Atashbar Kangarloei 2
  • Kourosh Sarvi Moghanlou 3
  • Ahmad Imani 3
  • Mojtaba Pourahad Anzabi 4
1 M.Sc. Graduate, Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Urmia, Urmia, Iran
2 Departeant of Ecology and Resource Assessment, Urmia Lake Research Institute,, Uremia University, Urmia, Iran
3 Associate Professor, Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Urmia, Urmia, Iran
4 Ph.D. Student, Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Urmia, Urmia, Iran
چکیده [English]

This study was carried out with the aim of investigating the effect of diazinon insecticide chronic toxicity as one of the most widely used poisons used in agricultural lands and gardens around Lake Urmia on growth, survival, antioxidant and digestive enzyme activity indices of Artemia urmiana. First, the LC50 of diazinon insecticide for different age stages, including nauplii, post larvae and adults, were measured at 24, 48 and 96 hours using the probit analysis. The LC50 of diazinon for nauplii 23.769, 0.992, 0.008, post larvae 2.231, 0.015, 0.002 and adults 0.919, 0.038, 0.007 (mg/l) were obtained. To investigate the effect of chronic toxicity of diazinon, A. urmiana was cultured in the form of 4 treatments, control, 25% LC50, 50% LC50 and 100% LC50 for 15 days. The growth and survival indices were measured on days 8, 11 and 15, and the activity of antioxidant and digestive enzymes of the biomass were measured at the end of the period. The highest amount of growth and survival was observed in the control treatment and the lowest in the 100% LC50 treatment (P<0.05). The activity of superoxide dismutase decreased in 25% LC50 and 50% LC50 treatments (P<0.05). The activities of catalase and glutathione peroxidase enzymes also decreased in the 25% LC50 and 50% LC50 treatments compared to the 100% LC50 treatment (P>0.05). There was no significant difference between different treatments in the activity of alkaline protease and lipase enzymes (P<0.05). Alpha-amylase enzyme activity decreased with increasing diazinon concentration (P>0.05). In general, it can be concluded that diazinon reduces growth and survival in A. urmiana and has negative effects on enzyme activities. According to the results of the present research, in order to preserve this species, the use of diazinon insecticide in the areas around Lake Urmia should be controlled.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Diazinon
  • Growth
  • Survival
  • Antioxidant and Digestive enzymes
  • Artemia urmiana

مراجع

Aebi, H., 1984. Catalase invitro. Methods Enzymology 105, 121-126.
Aggarwal, V., Deng, X., Tuli, A., Goh, K.S., 2013. Diazinon- chemistry and environmental fate: A California perspective. In: Whitacre D.M. (Ed.). Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology Springer USA 223, 107-140.
Agh, N., Van Stappen, G., Razavi Rouhani, S.M., Sorgeloos P., 2008. Life cycle characteristics of Artemia populations from Iran. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences 11(6), 854-61.
Alishahi, M., Heidari, B., 2010. Investigating the toxicity of silver nanoparticles in Urmia lake Artemia. Journal of Modern Veterinary Research 8(2), 49-54. (In Persian).
Alishahi, M., Tulaby Dezfuly, Z., 2019. Comparative toxicities of five herbicides on nauplii of Artemia franciscana as an ecotoxicity bioindicator. Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences 18(4), 716-726.
Applebaum, S.L., Perez, R., Lazo, G.P., Holt, G.L., 2001. Characterization of chymotrypsin activity during ontogeny of larval red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus). Fish Physiology and Biochemistry 25(4), 291-300.
Asadpour, Y.A., Nejatkhah Manavi, P., Baniamam, M., 2012. Evaluating the Bioaccumulation of Nickel and Vanadium and their effects on the growth of Artemia urmiana and A. franciscana. Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences 12(1), 183-192.
Ates, M., Daniels, J., Arsalan, Z., Farahi, I.O., 2013a. Comparative evaluation of impact of Zn and ZnO on brine shrimp (Artemia salina) larvae: effects of particle size and solubility on toxicity. The Royal Society of Chemistry 15(1), 225-233.
Ates, M., Daniels, J., Arsalan, z., Farahi, I.O., 2013b. Effects of aqueous suspensions of titanium dioxide nanoparticles on Artemia salina assessment of nanoparticle aggregation, accumulation and toxicity. Euvironmental Monitoring and Assessment 85(4), 3339-3348.
Aydın, R., Köprücü, K., 2005. Acute toxicity of diazinon on the common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) embryos and larvae. Pesticide biochemistry and physiology 82(3), 220-225.
Barahona, M.V., Sanchez-Fortun, S., 1999. Toxicity of carbamates to the brine shrimp Artemia salina and the effect of atropine, BW284c51, iso-OMPA and 2-PAM on carbaryl toxicity. Environmental Pollution 104(3), 469-476.
Brix, K.V., Cardwell, R.D., Adams, W.J., 2003. Chronic toxicity of arsenic to the Great Salt Lake brine shrimp, Artemia franciscana. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 54(2), 169-175.
Brix, K.V., Gerdes, R.M., Adams, W.J., Grosell, M., 2006. Effect of copper, cadmium, and zinc on the hatching success of brine shrimp (Artemia franciscana). Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 51(4), 580–583.
Coutteu, P., 1996. Micro- algea in: manual on the production and use of the live food for aquaculture, Lavens, P., Sorgeloos, P. (Eds), 1 st Edn pp: 9-60.
Coupe, R.H., Manning, M.A., Foreman,W.T., Goolsby, D.A., Majewski, M.S.,2000.Occurrence of pesticides in rain andair in urban and agricultural areas ofMississippi, pril–September 1995. Scienceof the Total Environment 248(2), 227-240.
De Prado, R., Jorrín, J., García-Torres, L. eds., 2012. Weed and crop resistance to herbicides. Springer Science & Business Media.
Eshghi, S., Noori, F., Imani, A., Agh, N., 2015. The effects of substituting Dunaliella salina algae with agricultural by -products and probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus on growth indices, proximate body composition and fatty acids profiles of Artemia franciscana. Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences 26(1), 207-213. (In Persian)
Federici G.,  Shaw B. J., Handy, R. D., 2007. Toxicity of titanium dioxide nanoparticles to rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): gill injury, oxidative stress, and other physiological effects. Aquatic Toxicology 84(4), 415-430.
Gambardella,C., Mesaric, T., Milivojevic, T., Sepcic, K., Gallus, L., Cabone, S., Ferrando, S., Fammali,M., 2014. Effects of selected metal oxide nanoparticles on Artemia salina larvae evaluation of mortality and behavioral and biochemical responses. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 186(7), 4249-4259.
Imani, A., Bani, M.S., Noori, F., Farzaneh, M., Moghanlou, K.S., 2017. The effect of bentonite and yeast cell wall along with cinnamon oil on aflatoxicosis in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): Digestive enzymes, growth indices, nutritional performance and proximate body composition. Aquaculture 476(2017), 160-167.
Imani, A., Yazdanparast, R., Farhanghi, M., Bakhtiari, M., Majazi, A.B., Saljioghi, S.Z., 2008. Investigating the activity of digestive enzymes of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) during the period of food deprivation and re-feeding. Journal of Marine Sciences and Techniques 8(3,4), 24-33. (In Persian)
Kardavani, P., 2005. Geohydrology. Tehran universty 3, PP 1-367. (in Persian).
Kasumyan, A.O., 2000. Effects of chemical pollutants on foraging behavior and sensitivity of fish to food stimuli. Journal of Ichthyology 41(1), 76-87.   
Köprücü, S.Ş., Köprücü, K., Ural, M.Ş., İspir, Ü., Pala, M., 2006. Acute toxicity of organophosphorous pesticide diazinon and its effects on behavior and some hematological parameters of fingerling European catfish (Silurus glanis L.). Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology 86(2), 99-105.
Krishnakurmar, P.K., Dineshbabu, A.P., Sasikumar, G., Bhat, G.S., 2007. Toxicity evaluation of treated refinery effluent using brine shrimp (Artemia salina) eggs and larval bioassay.  Fishery Technology 44‌, 85-92.
Lan, C.H., Lin, T.S., 2005. Acute toxicity of trivalent thallium compounds to Daphnia magna. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 61(3), 432-435.
Le Bihan, E., Perrin, A., Koueta, N., 2004. Development of a bioassay from isolated digestive gland cells of the Cuttlefish Sepia officinalis L. (Mollusca, Cephalopoda): effect of Cu, Zn and Ag on enzyme activities and cell viability. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 309(1), 47-66.
Leis, M., Manfra, L., Taddia, L., Chicca, M., Trentini, P., Savorelli, F., 2014. A Comparative toxicity study between an autochthonous Artemia and a non-native invasive species. Ecotoxicology 23 (6), 1143-1145.
Libralato, G., 2014. The case of Artemia spp. In nanoecotoxicology.  Marine environmental research 101, 38-43.
Limon-Pacheco, J., Gonsebatt, M.E., 2009. The role of antioxidants and antioxidant-related enzymes in protective responses to environmentally induced oxidative stress. Mutation Research- Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis 674(1-2), 137-47.
Mansingh, A., Wilson, A., 1995. Insecticide Contamination of Jamaican Environment Iii. Baseline Studies on the Status of Insecticidal Pollution of Kingston Harbor. Marine Pollution Bulletin 30(10), 640-645.
Marchioro, A., Mallmann, A.O., Diel, A., Dilkin, P., Rauber, R.H., Blazquez, F.J.H., Oliveira, M.G.A., Mallmann, C.A., 2013. Effects of aflatoxins on performance and exocrine pancreas of broiler chickens. Avian Diseases 57(2), 280-284.
Mohiseni, M., Farhanghi, M., Mahiseni, A.A., Mirvaghefi, A., Shokouh, S.Z., 2008. The effect of age on the sensitivity of Artemia urmiana nauplius to different concentrations of diazinon insecticide. Journal of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources 16(3), 77-85. (In Persian)
Muyssen, B.T.A., Janssen, C.R., 2007. Age and exposure duration as a factor influencing Cu and Zn toxicity toward Daphnia magna. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 68(3), 436-442.
Nunes, B.S., Carvalho, F.D., Guilhermino, L.M., Stappen, G.V., 2006. Use of the genus Artemia in ecotoxicity testing. Environmental pollution 144, 453-462.
Okolie, N.P., Osobase, S., 2005. Cataractogenic potential of cyanide-induced oxidative stress in rabbits. Global Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences 11(1), 57-62.
Pimentel, D., 2005. Environmental and economic costs of the application of Pesticide Primarily in United States Environment. Development and Sustainability 7(2), 229-252.
Rahimi, B., Nejatkhah, M.P., 2010. LC50 and bioaccumulation of Cd in different life Stages of Artemia urmiana. Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences 20(1), 53-64. (In Persian)
Rumley, A.G., Paterson, J.R., 1998. Analytical aspects of antioxidants and free radical activity in clinical biochemistry. Annals of Clinical Biochemistry 35, 181–200.
Sabapathy, U., Teo, L.H., 1992. A kinetic study of the α-amylase from the digestive gland of Perna viridis L. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 101(1-2), 73-77.
Samadi, H., Javadian, S.R., Imanpour, M.R., 2019. Effect of sub-lethal toxicity of diazinon on steroid detoxification and quality of sexual production in male goldfish breeders (Carassius auratus). Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences 29(6), 133-142. (In Persian)
Sanchez-Fortun, S., Sanz, F., Barahona, M.V., 1995. Acute toxicities of selected insecticides to the aquatic arthropod A. salina. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 54(1), 76-82.
Schneider, C. D., Barp, J., Ribeiro, J. L., Bello, K. A., Oliveira, A. R., 2005. Oxidative stress after three different intensities of running. The Canadian Journal of Applied Physiology 30(6), 723-34.
Sucahyo, D., van Straalen, N.M., Krave, A., Van Gestel, C.A.M., 2007. Acute toxicity of pesticides to the tropical freshwater shrimp Caridina laevis. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 69(3), 421-427.
Suzer, C., Saka, S., Firat, K., 2006. Effects of illumination on early life development and digestive enzyme activities in common pandora Pagellus erythrinus L. larvae. Aquaculture 260(1), 86-93.
Taylor, G., Baird, D.J., Soares, A.M., 1998. Surface binding of contaminants by algae: consequences for lethal toxicity and feeding to D.magna. Environmental Toxicology Chemistry 17(3), 412-419.
Varó, I., Serrano, R., Navarro, J.C., López, F.J., Amat, F., 1998. Acute lethal toxicity of the organophosphorus pesticide chlorpyrifos to different species and strains of Artemia. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 61(6), 778-785.
Varó, I., Navarro, J.C., Amat, F., Guilhermino, L., 2002. Characterisation of cholinesterases and evaluation of the inhibitory potential of chlorpyrifos and dichlorvos to Artemia salina and Artemia parthenogenetica. Chemosphere 48(6), 563-569.
Yazdanparast, R., Bahramikia, S., Ardestani, A., 2008. Nasturtioum officinale reduces oxidative stress and enhances hyper cholesterolaemic rats. Chemico- Biological Interactions 172(3), 176-184.
Zambare, S.P., Mahajan, A.Y., 2001. Heavy metal (copper and mercury) induced alterations in the enzyme secretory activity of hepatopancreas of a freshwater bivalve Corbicula striatella. Pollution Research 20(1), 143-146.
Zand, E., Baghestani, M.A., Shimi, P., Faghih, S.A., 2002. Analysis of herbicide management in Iran. Pest and Plant Diseases Research Institute. pp: 1-32. (In Persian)
 

فایل ها

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار