مطالعة اثر آزادسازی تجاری بر میزان صید آبزیان در خلیج‌فارس

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استاد گروه اقتصاد کشاورزی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران

2 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد گروه اقتصاد کشاورزی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران

3 دکترای اقتصاد کشاورزی، وزارت جهاد کشاورزی، تهران، ایران

10.22059/jfisheries.2023.350955.1349

چکیده

بخش شیلات به‌لحاظ دارا بودن قابلیت‌ها و ظرفیت‌ها به‌عنوان یکی از بخش‌‌های عمدة اقتصادی کشور، تحت تأثیر سیاست‌ها و تصمیم‌های کلان اقتصادی دارد. سیاست آزادسازی تجاری از جمله سیاست‌هایی است که با برقرار شدن قیمت کالاها و خدمات در سطح طبیعی خود و تأمین درآمدهای ارزی برای سرمایه‌گذاری در فناوری‌های نوین، موجب تغییر الگوهای استفاده از نهاده‌های تولیدی و تغیر روش‌های صید می‌شود، که این تغیرات به‌ویژه از نظر پایداری ذخایر و صید بی‌رویه، اهمیت بسیاری دارد. اگر‌چه آزادسازی تجاری ممکن است رفاه یک کشور را افزایش دهد، اما تأثیر خاص آن بر صنعت ماهیگیری کشور به‌خوبی مورد مطالعه قرار نگرفته است؛ بنابراین در این مطالعه اثر آزادسازی تجاری بر میزان صید در صنعت شیلات جنوب با استفاده از روش‌های رگرسیونی، در دورة 1398-1370مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. بدین‌منظور عوامل مؤثر بر صید بررسی شد و شاخص ادغام تجارت بین‌المللی به‌عنوان معیار آزادسازی تجاری محاسبه و در الگو‌ وارد شد. بعد از برآورد و انتخاب فرم تابع صید مناسب، نتایج حاصل از الگوی صید نشان داد که متغیرهای شناور‌، صیادان، قیمت و صید دورة قبل اثر مثبت و معنی‌داری دارند.در حالی‌که بر خلاف انتظار متغیر آزادسازی اثر معنی‌داری بر میزان صید ندارد. البته با توجه به ورود تجهیزات و افزایش قایق‌های صیادی در چند سال اخیر و راهیابی محصولات شیلات جنوب به بازارهای جهانی و به‌دنبال آن رشد چشمگیر صادرات، انتظار می‌رود در سال‌های آتی میزان صید نیز در اثر آزادسازی تجاری افزایش یابد. بنابراین، با اجرای برنامه‌های مدیریت پایدار و افزایش تولید از طریق تخصص‌گرایی و مزیت نسبی، می‌توان از منافع تجارت سود برد؛ به‌گونه‌ای که پایداری منابع در بلندمدت حفظ شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Studying the effect of fishery trade liberalization on the catch amount in the Persian Gulf

نویسندگان [English]

  • Saeeid Yazdani 1
  • Fatemeh Almasi 2
  • Sepideh Nikravesh 3
1 Professor, Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
2 M.Sc. Student, Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
3 PhD. Agricultural Economics, Ministry of Agriculture, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

As one of the important economic sub-sectors of the country, the fisheries sector is under the influence of macroeconomic policies and decisions in terms of having special capabilities and capacities. The implementation of the government's trade liberalization policy has made the price of goods and services real, as well as increasing the country's foreign exchange earnings, and it has led to changes in the use patterns of production inputs and changes in production methods. The effect of such a policy is of great importance in the sustainability of the fisheries sector. In this study, the effect of commercial liberalization on the amount of catch in the southern fisheries industry investigated using regression methods in 1991-2019. The results of the fishing pattern showed that the variables of the number of boats and fishermen, the price and the catch of the previous period had a positive effect. While, contrary to expectations, the trade liberalization variable has not had a significant effect on the amount of catch so far. Of course, due to the use of modern equipment and the increase of fishing boats in the last few years followed by the significant growth of exports, it is expected that the amount of catch will also increase in the coming years due to trade liberalization. Therefore, by implementing sustainable management programs and increasing production through specialization and comparative advantage, it is possible to benefit from the benefits of trade so that the sustainability of resources maintained in the long term.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Trade liberalization
  • Catch rate
  • Modern equipment
  • Sustainability of marine reserves
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